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Livy · History of Rome §4.41.1-4.41.12

Testimony of Tempanius and Trials for the Defeat

Passage 239 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

Tempanius testifies modestly but protectively of the consul in the assembly, winning high praise. Afterward, the returned consul also praises Tempanius, while Postumius is fined for the defeat, but Quinctius is acquitted due to his past military merits and the influence of his family.

§4.41.1adversus haec Tempani oratio incompta fuisse dicitur, ceterum militariter gravis, non suis vana laudibus, non crimine alieno laeta.
In response to these things, Tempanius' speech is said to have been unadorned, but soldierly in its gravity, neither vain with his own praises nor rejoicing in the accusation of another.
§4.41.2quanta prudentia rei bellicae in C. Sempronio esset, non militis de imperatore existimationem esse, sed populi Romani fuisse, cum eum comitiis consulem legeret.
How much foresight in warfare there was in Gaius Sempronius was not for a soldier to judge his commander, but had been for the Roman people when they chose him as consul in the comitia.
§4.41.3itaque ne ab se imperatoria consilia neu consulares artes exquirerent, quae pensitanda quoque magnis animis atque ingeniis essent; §4.41.4sed quod viderit, referre posse.
Therefore, they should not seek from him the plans of a general or the skills of a consul, which were things to be weighed by great minds and talents; but what he saw, he was able to report.
vidisse autem se, priusquam ab acie intercluderetur, consulem in prima acie pugnantem, adhortantem, inter signa Romana telaque hostium versantem.
He had seen, moreover, before he was cut off from the battle line, the consul fighting in the front rank, encouraging, and moving active among the Roman standards and the weapons of the enemies.
§4.41.5postea se a conspectu suorum ablatum ex strepitu tamen et clamore sensisse usque ad noctem extractum certamen nec ad tumulum, quem ipse tenuerat, prae multitudine hostium credere perrumpi potuisse.
Afterwards, though he was removed from the sight of his own men, he nevertheless perceived from the noise and shout that the contest had been prolonged until night, and he believed that, on account of the multitude of the enemies, it had not been possible to break through to the hill which he himself had held.
§4.41.6exercitus ubi esset, se nescire; arbitrari, velut ipse in re trepida loci praesidio se suosque sit tutatus, sic consulem servandi exercitus causa loca tutiora castris cepisse; §4.41.7nec Volscorum meliores res esse credere quam populi Romani; fortunam noctemque omnia erroris mutui inplesse.
Where the army was, he did not know; he supposed that, just as he himself in a perilous situation had protected himself and his men by the defense of the place, so the consul, for the sake of preserving the army, had taken safer places for a camp; nor did he believe that the situation of the Volscians was any better than that of the Roman people; fortune and night had filled everything with mutual error.
precantemque deinde. ne se fessum labore ac vulneribus tenerent, cum ingenti laude non virtutis magis quam moderationis dimiserunt.
And then, praying that they would not detain him, weary with labor and wounds, they dismissed him with immense praise, no less for his moderation than for his valor.
§4.41.8cum haec agerentur, iam consul via Labicana ad fanum Quietis erat.
While these things were being done, the consul was already by the Labican Way at the temple of Quies.
eo missa plaustra iumentaque alia ab urbe exercitum adfectum proelio ac via nocturna excepere.
The wagons and other beasts of burden sent thither from the city received the army, which was worn out by the battle and the night march.
§4.41.9paulo post in urbem est ingressus consul non ab se magis enixe amovens culpam quam Tempanium meritis laudibus ferens. Maestae civitati ab re male gesta
A little later the consul entered the city, not more earnestly removing the blame from himself than praising Tempanius with deserved commendations.
§4.41.10et iratae ducibus M. Postumius reus obiectus, qui tribunus militum pro consule ad Veios fuerat, decem milibus aeris gravis damnatur.
To the state, sad from the ill-managed business and angry at its leaders, Marcus Postumius was presented as a defendant, who had been military tribune with consular power at Veii, and was condemned to a fine of ten thousand heavy asses.
§4.41.11T. Quinctium, collegam eius, quia et in Volscis consul auspicio dictatoris Postumi Tuberti et ad Fidenas legatus dictatoris alterius Mam. Aemili res prospere gesserat, totam culpam eius temporis in praedamnatum collegam transferentem omnes tribus absolverunt.
Titus Quinctius, his colleague, because he had both successfully conducted operations among the Volscians as consul under the auspices of the dictator Postumius Tubertus and at Fidenae as legate of another dictator Mamercus Aemilius, transferring all the blame of that time onto his already condemned colleague, was acquitted by all the tribes.
§4.41.12profuisse ei Cincinnati patris memoria dicitur, venerabilis viri, et exactae iam aetatis Capitolinus Quinctius suppliciter orans, ne se brevi reliquo vitae spatio tam tristem nuntium ferre ad Cincinnatum paterentur.
The memory of his father Cincinnatus, a venerable man, is said to have been of benefit to him, as well as Quinctius Capitolinus, now of advanced age, suppliantly praying that they would not permit him, in the brief remaining space of his life, to carry such sad news to Cincinnatus.

Notes

  1. §4.41.2non militis de imperatore existimationem esse — Accusative with infinitive construction in indirect speech. "existimationem" (accusative of "existimatio", evaluation/judgment) is the subject of the infinitive "esse". It conveys Tempanius' assertion that the judgment of a commander is not the business of a soldier.
  2. §4.41.5nec ad tumulum ... credere perrumpi potuisse — "nec" acts as "et non" and modifies "credere" (infinitive with Tempanius as the implied subject). The dependent clause "perrumpi potuisse" uses the passive impersonal construction of the intransitive verb "perrumpere", meaning "he believed that it had not been possible to break through (to the hill)."
  3. §4.41.11T. Quinctium ... omnes tribus absolverunt — The core of the sentence consists of the subject "omnes tribus" (all the tribes), the main verb "absolverunt" (acquitted), and the direct object "T. Quinctium". Inserted between them are the causal clause "quia... gesserat" and the present participle "transferentem" (transferring) modifying the object, which elongates the sentence structure.

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §4.41.1-4.41.12. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:4.41.1-4.41.12

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