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Livy · History of Rome §4.30.1-4.30.16

Drought, Pestilence, and Disputes over Declaring War

Passage 228 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

While relations with the Aequi and Volscians shifted, Rome suffered a severe drought and pestilence, prompting the spread of foreign superstitions which were regulated by the aediles. Additionally, a political dispute arose between the plebeians and patricians regarding the authority to declare war and the election of magistrates.

§4.30.1agitatum in urbe ab tribunis plebis, ut tribuni militum consulari potestate crearentur, nec obtineri potuit.
It was agitated in the city by the tribunes of the plebs that tribunes of the soldiers with consular power should be created, but it could not be obtained.
consules fiunt L. Papirius Crassus, L. Iulius.
Lucius Papirius Crassus and Lucius Julius became consuls.
Aequorum legati foedus ab senatu cum petissent et pro foedere deditio ostentaretur, indutias annorum octo impetraverunt; §4.30.2Volscorum res super acceptam in Algido cladem pertinaci certamine inter pacis bellique auctores in iurgia et seditiones versa: undique otium fuit Romanis.
When the envoys of the Aequi had sought a treaty from the senate, and unconditional surrender was offered in place of a treaty, they obtained a truce of eight years; The affairs of the Volscians, on top of the defeat sustained at Algidus, turned into brawls and seditions through a persistent conflict between the advocates of peace and of war; on all sides there was peace for the Romans.
§4.30.3legem de multarum aestimatione pergratam populo cum ab tribunis parari consules unius ex collegio proditione excepissent, ipsi praeoccupaverunt ferre.
When the consuls had learned, through the betrayal of one of the college, that a law concerning the valuation of fines, highly pleasing to the people, was being prepared by the tribunes, they themselves anticipated them by proposing it.
§4.30.4consules L. Sergius Fidenas iterum, Hostus Lucretius Tricipitinus.
The consuls were Lucius Sergius Fidenas for the second time, and Hostus Lucretius Tricipitinus.
nihil dignum dictu actum his consulibus.
Nothing worthy of mention was done under these consuls.
secuti eos consules A. Cornelius Cossus, T. Quinctius Poenus iterum.
They were succeeded by the consuls Aulus Cornelius Cossus and Titus Quinctius Poenus for the second time.
§4.30.5Veientes in agrum Romanum excursiones fecerunt.
The Veientes made incursions into Roman territory.
fama fuit quosdam ex Fidenatium iuventute participes eius populationis fuisse, cognitioque eius rei L. Sergio et Q. Servilio et Mam. Aemilio permissa.
There was a rumor that certain of the youth of Fidenae had been participants in that plundering, and the investigation of that matter was entrusted to Lucius Sergius, Quintus Servilius, and Mamercus Aemilius.
§4.30.6quidam Ostiam relegati, quod, cur per eos dies a Fidenis afuissent, parum constabat.
Certain persons were banished to Ostia, because it was not sufficiently clear why they had been absent from Fidenae during those days.
colonorum additus numerus agerque iis bello interemptorum adsignatus.
An additional number of colonists was sent, and the land of those killed in the war was assigned to them.
§4.30.7siccitate eo anno plurimum laboratum est, nec caelestes modo defuerunt aquae, sed terra quoque ingenito umore egens vix ad perennes suffecit amnes.
In that year they suffered greatly from a drought; not only did the waters from heaven fail, but the earth also, lacking its natural moisture, was scarcely sufficient for the perennial rivers.
§4.30.8defectus alibi aquarum circa torridos fontes rivosque stragem siti pecorum morientium dedit; scabie alia absumpta; vulgatique contactu in homines morbi.
The failure of waters in other places, around parched springs and streams, caused a slaughter of cattle dying of thirst; others were carried off by mange; and the diseases, spread by contact, passed to humans.
et primo in agrestes ingruerant servitiaque; §4.30.9urbs deinde inpletur.
And at first they fell upon the rustics and the slaves; Then the city was filled.
nec corpora modo adfecta tabo, sed animos quoque multiplex religio et pleraque externa invasit novos ritus sacrificandi vaticinando inferentibus in domos, quibus quaestui sunt capti superstitione animi, §4.30.10donec publicus iam pudor ad primores civitatis pervenit cernentes in omnibus vicis sacellisque peregrina atque insolita piacula pacis deum exposcendae.
Not only were bodies affected by the pestilence, but a manifold superstition, and for the most part foreign, invaded also their minds, since those to whom minds captured by superstition are a source of gain introduced, by prophesying, new rites of sacrificing into homes, until a public sense of shame at last reached the leading men of the state, who saw in all the streets and chapels foreign and unusual expiations for imploring the peace of the gods.
§4.30.11datum inde negotium aedilibus, ut animadverterent, ne qui nisi Romani dii neu quo alio more quam patrio colerentur.
Thereupon a charge was given to the aediles to see to it that none but Roman gods, and in no other manner than that of their ancestors, should be worshipped.
Irae adversus Veientes in insequentem annum, §4.30.12C. Servilium Ahalam, L. Papirium Mugillanum consules, dilatae sunt.
The resentment against the Veientes was deferred to the following year, in which Gaius Servilius Ahala and Lucius Papirius Mugillanus were consuls.
§4.30.13nihil quoque, ne confestim bellum indiceretur neve exercitus mitterentur, religio obstitit; fetiales prius mittendos ad res repetendas censuere.
Nor did any religious scruple prevent war from being declared immediately or armies from being sent; but they decided that fetials should first be sent to demand redress.
§4.30.14cum Veientibus nuper acie dimicatum ad Nomentum et Fidenas fuerat, indutiaeque inde, non pax facta, quarum et dies exierat et ante diem rebellaverant; missi tamen fetiales; nec eorum, cum more patrum iurati repeterent res, verba sunt audita.
They had recently fought in battle with the Veientes near Nomentum and Fidenae, and from that time a truce, not a peace, had been made, the term of which had both expired, and they had rebelled before its expiration; nevertheless, fetials were sent; but when, having sworn after the manner of their fathers, they demanded redress, their words were not listened to.
§4.30.15controversia inde fuit, utrum populi iussu indiceretur bellum, an satis esset senatus consultum.
Then there was a controversy whether war should be declared by order of the people, or whether a decree of the senate was sufficient.
pervicere tribuni denuntiando inpedituros se dilectum, ut Quinctius consul de bello ad populum ferret.
The tribunes prevailed, by declaring that they would obstruct the levy, so that the consul Quinctius should refer the question of war to the people.
omnes centuriae iussere.
All the centuries voted for it.
in eo quoque plebs superior fuit, §4.30.16quod tenuit, ne consules in proximum annum crearentur.
In this matter also the plebs had the upper hand, because they carried their point that consuls should not be created for the following year.

Notes

  1. 4.30.1agitatum — Impersonal passive. The clause 'ut tribuni militum... crearentur' acts as the logical subject of the impersonal verb, representing the proposal or agitation.
  2. 4.30.6quod, cur per eos dies a Fidenis afuissent, parum constabat — A complex clausal structure where the indirect question clause 'cur... afuissent' functions as the subject of the impersonal verb 'parum constabat', which is itself embedded inside the causal 'quod' clause.
  3. 4.30.9inferentibus — Present participle in the ablative plural, acting as an ablative absolute with an omitted subject such as 'is' (referring to the false prophets who introduced the foreign rites).
  4. 4.30.15pervicere... ut... ferret — The verb 'pervincere' (to prevail, carry a point) governs the 'ut' clause ('ut Quinctius consul... ferret'), meaning 'they succeeded in making the consul refer the question'. The ablative gerund 'denuntiando' expresses the means of this compulsion.

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §4.30.1-4.30.16. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:4.30.1-4.30.16

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