Humanitext Reader

Livy · History of Rome §39.21.1-39.21.10

Campaigns in Spain and the Death of Praetor Atinius

Passage 1468 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

Reports of the military situation in Spain arrive, detailing the campaigns in both Farther and Nearer Spain. It covers the death of the praetor Atinius, the urgent dispatch of his successor Calpurnius, and Acidinus' victory over the Celtiberians.

§39.21.1sub hunc nuntium ex Ligustinis vulgatum litterae ex Hispania mixtam gaudio tristitiam adferentes recitatae sunt.
Immediately after this news from the Ligurians was spread abroad, a letter from Spain was read, bringing sadness mixed with joy.
§39.21.2C. Atinius, qui biennio ante praetor in eam provinciam profectus erat, cum Lusitanis in agro Hastensi signis collatis pugnavit: ad sex milia hostium sunt caesa, ceteri fusi et fugati castrisque exuti.
Gaius Atinius, who had set out for that province as praetor two years before, fought a pitched battle with the Lusitanians in the district of Hasta; about six thousand of the enemy were slain, and the rest were routed and put to flight, and stripped of their camp.
§39.21.3ad oppidum deinde Hastam oppugnandum legiones ducit: id quoque haud multo maiore certamine cepit quam castra; sed dum incautius subit muros, ictus ex vulnere post dies paucos moritur.
Then he led the legions to attack the town of Hasta; this also he captured with not much greater struggle than the camp; but while he approached the walls too incautiously, he was struck, and died a few days later from his wound.
§39.21.4litteris de morte propraetoris recitatis senatus censuit mittendum, qui ad Lunae portum C. Calpurnium praetorem consequeretur, nuntiaretque senatum aequum censere, ne sine imperio provincia esset, maturare eum proficisci.
When the letter concerning the death of the propraetor was read, the senate resolved that someone should be sent to overtake the praetor Gaius Calpurnius at the port of Luna, and to announce that the senate thought it proper, lest the province should be without command, that he should hasten his departure.
quarto die qui missus erat Lunam venit: §39.21.5paucis ante diebus Calpurnius profectus erat.
On the fourth day, the messenger who had been sent arrived at Luna; Calpurnius had set out a few days before.
§39.21.6et in citeriore Hispania L. Manlius Acidinus, qui eodem tempore, quo C. Atinius in provinciam ierat, cum Celtiberis acie conflixit.
And in Nearer Spain, Lucius Manlius Acidinus, who had gone into the province at the same time as Gaius Atinius, clashed in battle with the Celtiberians.
§39.21.7incerta victoria discessum est, nisi quod Celtiberi castra inde nocte proxima moverunt, Romanis et suos sepeliendi et spolia legendi ex hostibus potestas facta est.
They parted with an undecided victory, except that the Celtiberians moved their camp from there on the following night, and the Romans were given the opportunity of both burying their own dead and gathering spoils from the enemy.
§39.21.8paucos post dies maiore coacto exercitu Celtiberi ad Calagurrim oppidum ultro lacessiverunt proelio Romanos.
A few days later, having assembled a larger army, the Celtiberians of their own accord challenged the Romans to battle near the town of Calagurris.
§39.21.9nihil traditur, quae causa numero aucto infirmiores eos fecerit.
Nothing is recorded as to what cause made them weaker, although their numbers had been increased.
superati proelio sunt: ad duodecim milia hominum caesa, plus duo capta, et castris Romanus potitur.
They were defeated in battle: about twelve thousand men were slain, more than two thousand captured, and the Roman took possession of their camp.
§39.21.10et nisi successor adventu suo inhibuisset impetum victoris, subacti Celtiberi forent.
And had not his successor by his arrival checked the onset of the victor, the Celtiberians would have been subjugated.
novi praetores ambo in hiberna exercitus deduxerunt.
Both of the new praetores led their armies into winter quarters.

Notes

  1. §39.21.1sub hunc nuntium — The preposition sub with the accusative is used here in a temporal sense, meaning 'immediately after' or 'upon'.
  2. §39.21.4mittendum — A gerundive of obligation depending on censuit, forming an accusative and infinitive construction where the subject accusative (the messenger to be sent) and the copula esse are omitted.
  3. §39.21.4qui ad Lunae portum C. Calpurnium praetorem consequeretur — A relative clause of purpose with the imperfect subjunctive consequeretur (and nuntiaret), expressing the purpose of the sending, in sequence with the past main verb censuit.
  4. §39.21.7discessum est — An impersonal passive of the intransitive verb discedo, meaning literally 'it was departed', here describing objectively that the combatants parted from the battlefield.
  5. §39.21.10nisi successor adventu suo inhibuisset impetum victoris, subacti Celtiberi forent — A past contrary-to-fact conditional sentence. The protasis uses the pluperfect subjunctive inhibuisset, and the apodosis uses the pluperfect passive subjunctive subacti forent, where forent is an archaic and poetic synonym for essent.

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §39.21.1-39.21.10. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:39.21.1-39.21.10

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.