Humanitext Reader

Livy · History of Rome §34.29.1-34.29.14

Siege of Gytheum and the Surrender of Gorgopas

Passage 1196 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

Lucius Quinctius captures coastal towns and besieges the heavily fortified port of Gytheum. With the timely reinforcement of King Eumenes, the Rhodian fleet, and Titus Quinctius' land forces, the commander Gorgopas is ultimately forced to surrender the city under terms.

§34.29.1eodem fere tempore L. Quinctius maritimae orae oppida partim voluntate, partim metu aut vi recepit.
At about the same time, Lucius Quinctius recovered the towns of the maritime coast, partly by their own will, partly through fear or force.
§34.29.2certior deinde factus Gytheum oppidum omnium maritimarum rerum Lacedaemoniis receptaculum esse nec procul a mari castra Romana abesse, omnibus id copiis adgredi constituit.
Having then been informed that the town of Gytheum was the receptacle for all maritime affairs of the Lacedaemonians and that the Roman camp was not far from the sea, he decided to attack it with all his forces.
§34.29.3erat eo tempore valida urbs, et multitudine civium incolarumque et omni bellico apparatu instructa.
At that time it was a strong city, well-provided both with a multitude of citizens and inhabitants and with every apparatus of war.
§34.29.4in tempore Quinctio rem haud facilem adgredienti rex Eumenes et classis Rhodiorum supervenerunt.
Opportunely, as Quinctius was undertaking this by no means easy task, King Eumenes and the fleet of the Rhodians came up to his aid.
§34.29.5ingens multitudo navalium sociorum e tribus contracta classibus intra paucos dies omnia, quae ad oppugnationem urbis terra marique munitae faciunda opera erant, effecit.
A huge multitude of naval allies, assembled from the three fleets, within a few days completed all the works that had to be made for the siege of the city, which was fortified by land and sea.
§34.29.6iam testudinibus admotis murus subruebatur, iam arietibus quatiebatur.
Now, with the testudos brought up, the wall was being undermined, and now it was being shaken by battering rams.
itaque una crebris ictibus eversa est turris quodque circa muri erat casu eius prostratum; §34.29.7et Romani simul a portu, unde aditus planior erat, ut distenderent ab apertiore loco hostis, simul per patefactum ruina iter inrumpere conabantur.
Therefore, one tower was overthrown by frequent blows, and that part of the wall which was around it was laid prostrate by its fall; and the Romans were attempting to burst in, at once from the harbor, whence the approach was flatter, in order to distract the enemy from a more open place, and at the same time through the path opened by the ruin.
§34.29.8nec multum afuit, quin, qua intenderant, penetrarent; sed tardavit impetum eorum spes obiecta dedendae urbis, mox deinde eadem turbata.
And they were not far from penetrating where they had intended; but their onset was delayed by the hope presented of surrendering the city, and then soon by the disruption of that same hope.
§34.29.9Dexagoridas et Gorgopas pari imperio praeerant urbi.
Dexagoridas and Gorgopas were in command of the city with equal authority.
Dexagoridas miserat ad legatum Romanum traditurum se urbem; §34.29.10et cum ad eam rem tempus et ratio convenisset, a Gorgopa proditor interficitur, intentiusque ab uno urbs defendebatur.
Dexagoridas had sent to the Roman lieutenant to say that he would surrender the city; and when the time and method had been agreed upon for this matter, the traitor was killed by Gorgopas, and the city was defended more vigorously by him alone.
et difficilior facta oppugnatio erat, ni T. Quinctius cum quattuor milibus delectorum militum supervenisset.
And the siege would have been made more difficult, if Titus Quinctius had not arrived with four thousand select soldiers.
§34.29.11is cum supercilio haud procul distantis tumuli ab urbe instructam aciem ostendisset, et ex altera parte L. Quinctius ab operibus suis terra marique instaret, tum vero desperatio Gorgopan quoque coegit id consilii, §34.29.12quod in altero morte vindicaverat, §34.29.13capere, et pactus, ut abducere inde milites, quos praesidii causa habebat, §34.29.14liceret, tradidit Quinctio urbem.
When he had shown his battle line drawn up from the brow of a hill not far distant from the city, and from the other side Lucius Quinctius was pressing on from his own works by land and sea, then indeed despair forced Gorgopas also to adopt that plan, which he had punished with death in the case of the other, and having agreed that he might withdraw from there the soldiers whom he had for the purpose of a garrison, he surrendered the city to Quinctius.
priusquam Gytheum traderetur, Pythagoras, praefectus Argis relictus, tradita custodia urbis Timocrati Pellenensi cum mille mercennariis militibus et duobus milibus Argivorum Lacedaemonem ad Nabim venit.
Before Gytheum was surrendered, Pythagoras, who had been left as prefect at Argos, having handed over the custody of the city to Timocrates of Pellene, came to Lacedaemon to Nabis with a thousand mercenary soldiers and two thousand Argives.

Notes

  1. 34.29.4Quinctio rem haud facilem adgredienti — Quinctio is Lucius Quinctius, who in the preceding sentences decided to attack Gytheum. This dative, with which the present participle adgredienti agrees, functions either as a dative with the compound verb supervenerunt or as a dative of reference indicating to whose aid they arrived.
  2. 34.29.6quodque circa muri erat — quod is the nominative of the relative pronoun (neuter singular) taking the partitive genitive muri (genitive singular of murus), meaning literally 'and whatever of the wall was around it' or 'that part of the wall which was around it.'
  3. 34.29.8spes obiecta dedendae urbis, mox deinde eadem turbata — Two noun phrases (spes obiecta and eadem turbata) are placed in apposition as the subjects of tardavit. dedendae urbis is a gerundive construction in the genitive modifying spes ('hope of surrendering the city'). eadem turbata consists of the demonstrative pronoun eadem referring back to spes and the perfect participle turbata, expressing the event: 'the disruption of that same hope' (the 'ab urbe condita' construction).
  4. 34.29.10difficilior facta oppugnatio erat, ni — An expression in a contrary-to-fact conditional sentence (ni = nisi). The pluperfect indicative (facta erat) is used in the apodosis instead of the pluperfect subjunctive (facta esset) to vividly emphasize the imminent danger or certainty: 'the siege would have been (was already on the point of becoming) more difficult, had not...'
  5. 34.29.11id consilii, quod ... capere — A hyperbaton where a relative clause is inserted between id consilii and its governing infinitive. The verb coegit ('forced', 34.29.11) governs the accusative object Gorgopan (34.29.11) and the infinitive capere ('to adopt/take', 34.29.13). id consilii ('that plan', consilii being a partitive genitive) is the object of the infinitive capere. The relative pronoun quod (34.29.12) refers back to id consilii.

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §34.29.1-34.29.14. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:34.29.1-34.29.14

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.