Humanitext Reader

Livy · History of Rome §32.5.1-32.5.13

Philip's Conciliatory Measures and Fortification of the Aous Pass

Passage 1082 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

Facing internal and external anxieties, Philip attempts to secure support by returning territories to the Achaeans and imprisoning his unpopular friend Heraclides. With the arrival of spring, he marshals his forces to occupy and heavily fortify the strategic pass along the Aous river near Antigonea.

§32.5.1ibi ceteri quidem data quanticunque quiete temporis simul animos corporaque remiserant; §32.5.2Philippum, quantum ab adsiduis laboribus itinerum pugnarumque laxaverat animum, tanto magis intentum in universum eventum belli curae angunt, non hostis modo timentem, qui terra marique urgebant, §32.5.3sed nunc sociorum, nunc etiam popularium animos, ne et illi ad spem amicitiae Romanorum deficerent, et Macedonas ipsos cupido novandi res caperet.
There, the others indeed, given whatever rest of time, had relaxed their minds and bodies alike; but as for Philip, the more his mind had relaxed from the continuous labors of journeys and battles, so much the more did anxieties torment him, intent on the general outcome of the war, fearing not only the enemy, who were pressing by land and sea, but now the minds of his allies, now also of his own people, lest they too should defect in hope of Roman friendship, and a desire for revolution should seize the Macedonians themselves.
§32.5.4itaque et in Achaiam legatos misit, simul qui iusiurandum — ita enim pepigerant, quotannis iuraturos in verba Philippi — exigerent, simul qui redderent Achaeis Orchomenon et Heraean et Triphylian Eleis ademptam, §32.5.5Megalopolitis Alipheran, contendentibus numquam eam urbem fuisse ex Triphylia, sed sibi debere restitui, quia una esset ex iis, quae ad condendam Megalen polin ex concilio Arcadum contributae forent.
And so he also sent ambassadors to Achaea, at once to demand the oath — for they had so agreed, that they would swear allegiance to Philip every year — and at the same time to restore to the Achaeans Orchomenos and Heraea, and Triphylia which had been taken from the Eleans, [and] Aliphera to the Megalopolitans, who contended that that city had never belonged to Triphylia, but ought to be restored to them, because it was one of those which had been contributed by the council of the Arcadians for the founding of Megalopolis.
§32.5.6et cum Achaeis quidem per haec societatem firmabat; §32.5.7ad Macedonum animos cum Heracliden amicum maxime invidiae sibi esse cerneret, multis criminibus oneratum in vincla coniecit ingenti popularium gaudio.
And indeed through these means he strengthened his alliance with the Achaeans; as for the minds of the Macedonians, when he perceived that his friend Heraclides was a source of great hatred to him, he threw him, loaded with many charges, into chains, to the great joy of his people.
§32.5.8bellum si quando umquam ante alias, §32.5.9tum magna cura apparavit exercuitque in armis et Macedonas et mercennarios milites principioque veris cum Athenagora omnia externa auxilia quodque levis armaturae erat in Chaoniam per Epirum ad occupandas quae ad Antigoneam fauces sunt — Stena vocant Graeci — misit.
If ever at any other time before, then with great care he prepared for war and trained both the Macedonians and the mercenary soldiers in arms, and at the beginning of spring, he sent all the foreign auxiliaries and whatever light-armed troops there were, under Athenagoras, through Epirus into Chaonia to occupy the pass near Antigonea — which the Greeks call Stena.
§32.5.10ipse post paucis diebus graviore secutus agmine, cum situm omnem regionis adspexisset, maxime idoneum ad muniendum locum credidit esse praeter amnem Aoum.
He himself followed a few days later with a heavier army, and when he had surveyed the whole situation of the region, he believed that the most suitable place for fortifying was along the river Aous.
§32.5.11is inter montes, quorum alterum Meropum, alterum Asnaum incolae vocant, angusta valle fluit, iter exiguum super ripam praebens.
That river flows through a narrow valley between mountains, of which the inhabitants call one Meropus and the other Asnaus, offering a small path along the bank.
Asnaum Athenagoram cum levi armatura tenere et communire iubet; ipse in Meropo posuit castra.
He ordered Athenagoras to hold and fortify Asnaus with the light-armed troops; he himself pitched camp on Meropus.
§32.5.12qua abscisae rupes erant, statio paucorum armatorum tenebat; qua minus tuta erant alia fossis, alia vallo, alia turribus muniebat.
Where there were steep cliffs, a guard of a few armed men held the position; where other parts were less safe, he fortified some with ditches, others with a rampart, others with towers.
§32.5.13magna tormentorum etiam vis, ut missilibus procul arcerent hostem, idoneis locis disposita est.
A great force of artillery also, so that they might keep off the enemy from afar with missiles, was arranged in suitable places.
tabernaculum regium pro vallo in conspecto maxime tumulo, ut terrorem hostibus suisque spem ex fiducia faceret, positum.
The royal tent was placed in front of the rampart on a very conspicuous hill, so that he might create terror in his enemies, and hope in his own men from his confidence.

Notes

  1. §32.5.2Philippum ... curae angunt — Philippum (accusative) is the direct object of the verb angunt, whose subject is the plural noun curae (nominative). Due to the distance between Philippum and the verb, as well as the intervening comparison quantum... tanto magis, the case relation requires careful attention.
  2. §32.5.2hostis — This is an archaic or poetic spelling (-is) for the accusative plural (normally hostes), serving as the direct object of the participle timentem. It is the antecedent of the relative pronoun qui (nominative plural).
  3. §32.5.4qui ... exigerent, simul qui redderent — Relative clauses of purpose, characterized by the relative pronoun qui and the subjunctive verbs (exigerent, redderent). They express the purpose corresponding to the main verb misit.
  4. §32.5.5contendentibus — The dative plural of the present participle of contendere, modifying Megalopolitis (to the Megalopolitans) in the preceding clause, meaning 'to the Megalopolitans who were contending...'
  5. §32.5.8bellum si quando umquam ante alias, tum... — A correlative emphatic expression with an ellipsis characteristic of Latin. The conditional clause si quando umquam ante alias [tempestates / socias / pugnas bellum apparavit] ('if ever before other times/wars he prepared for war') is answered by tum ('then/at this time') in the main clause.

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §32.5.1-32.5.13. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:32.5.1-32.5.13

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.