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Livy · History of Rome §31.25.1-31.25.11

Philip's Failure at Eleusis and the Achaean Council

Passage 1052 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

Abandoning the siege of Athens, Philip attempts to seize Eleusis but fails; he then appears unexpectedly at the Achaean council, offering aid against the tyrant Nabis to lure Achaean youth away as hostages. However, the Achaeans discern his true motive and reject his proposal.

§31.25.1postero die cum primo clausae fuissent portae, deinde subito apertae, quia praesidium Attali ab Aegina Romanique ab Piraeo intraverant urbem, castra ab urbe rettulit rex tria ferme milia passuum.
On the following day, although the gates had first been closed, they were then suddenly opened, because Attalus' garrison from Aegina and the Romans from the Piraeus had entered the city; wherefore the king withdrew his camp about three miles from the city.
§31.25.2inde Eleusinem profectus spe improviso templi castellique, quod et imminet et circumdatum est templo, capiendi, cum haudquaquam neglectas custodias animadvertisset et classem a Piraeo subsidio venire, omisso incepto Megara ac protinus Corinthum ducit et, cum Argis Achaeorum concilium esse audisset, inopinantibus Achaeis contioni ipsi supervenit.
Setting out thence for Eleusis in the hope of taking by surprise the temple and the fortress which both overlooks and surrounds the temple, when he perceived that the guards were by no means negligent and that a fleet was coming from the Piraeus as a reinforcement, he abandoned his attempt and led his forces to Megara and straightway to Corinth; and, hearing that a council of the Achaeans was being held at Argos, he appeared unexpectedly to the Achaeans themselves at the assembly itself.
§31.25.3consultabant de bello adversus Nabim, tyrannum Lacedaemoniorum, qui tralato imperio a Philopoemene ad Cycliadam, nequaquam parem illi ducem, dilapsa cernens Achaeorum auxilia, redintegraverat bellum agrosque finitimorum vastabat et iam urbibus quoque erat terribilis.
They were consulting about the war against Nabis, the tyrant of the Lacedaemonians, who, seeing that the Achaeans' auxiliaries had dispersed since the command had been transferred from Philopoemen to Cycliadas, a general by no means equal to him, had renewed the war and was devastating the lands of his neighbors and was now terrifying even to the cities.
§31.25.4adversus hunc hostem cum, quantum ex quaque civitate militum scriberetur, consultarent, Philippus dempturum se eis curam, quod ad Nabim et Lacedaemonios attineret, est pollicitus nec tantum agros sociorum populationibus prohibiturum, §31.25.5sed terrorem omnem belli in ipsam Laconicam ducto eo extemplo exercitu tralaturum.
While they were consulting against this enemy as to how many soldiers should be enrolled from each state, Philip promised that he would relieve them of their concern as far as Nabis and the Lacedaemonians were concerned, and that he would not only protect the lands of the allies from pillaging, but would immediately transfer all the terror of the war into Laconia itself by leading his army there.
§31.25.6haec oratio cum ingenti adsensu hominum acciperetur, “ita tamen aequum est” inquit “me vestra meis armis tutari, ne mea interim nudentur praesidiis.
When this speech was received with the immense approval of the people, he said: "Yet it is fair on this condition that I defend your property with my arms, lest mine in the meantime be left bare of garrisons.
§31.25.7itaque, si vobis videtur, tantum parate militum, quantum ad Oreum et Chalcidem et Corinthum tuenda satis sit, ut meis ab tergo tutis securus bellum Nabidi inferam et Lacedaemoniis. ” §31.25.8non fefellit Achaeos, quo spectasset tam benigna pollicitatio auxiliumque oblatum adversus Lacedaemonios: id quaeri, ut obsidem Achaeorum iuventutem educeret ex Peloponneso ad inligandam Romano bello gentem.
Therefore, if it seems good to you, prepare only as many soldiers as may be sufficient to protect Oreus, Chalcis, and Corinth, so that, with my rear secured, I may safely carry war against Nabis and the Lacedaemonians." It did not escape the Achaeans whither so generous a promise and the offer of assistance against the Lacedaemonians was directed: that the object sought was to lead the Achaean youth out of the Peloponnese as hostages, in order to bind the nation to the Roman war.
§31.25.9et id quidem coarguere Cycliadas, praetor Achaeorum, nihil attinere ratus, id modo cum dixisset, non licere legibus Achaeorum de aliis rebus referre, quam propter quas convocati essent, §31.25.10decreto de exercitu parando adversus Nabim facto consilium fortiter ac libere habitum dimisit, inter adsentatores regios ante eam diem habitus.
And Cycliadas, the praetor of the Achaeans, thinking that it was of no use to refute this, after he had merely said that it was not permitted by the laws of the Achaeans to propose a vote on other matters than those for which they had been summoned, having passed the decree about preparing an army against Nabis, dismissed the council, which had been held with courage and freedom, though before that day he had been counted among the king's flatterers.
§31.25.11Philippus, magna spe depulsus, voluntariis paucis militibus conscriptis Corinthum atque in Atticam terram rediit.
Philip, driven from his great hope, having enlisted a few voluntary soldiers, returned to Corinth and into the Attic land.

Notes

  1. §31.25.2spe... capiendi — The ablative noun spe combined with the genitive gerund capiendi expresses purpose or motive: "in the hope of seizing." The intervening phrase templi castellique... functions as the object of capiendi.
  2. §31.25.2subsidio — A dative of purpose (dativus finalis), used with the verb venire to mean "as a reinforcement" or "for aid."
  3. §31.25.4dempturum se eis curam... est pollicitus — An accusative with infinitive (A.C.I.) construction introduced by the main verb pollicitus est. The pronoun se is the subject accusative of the future infinitive dempturum (esse), and eis is a dative of separation indicating the persons from whom the concern (curam) is removed.
  4. §31.25.8non fefellit Achaeos, quo spectasset — The phrase non fefellit Achaeos literally means "it did not deceive the Achaeans" (i.e., they were well aware). quo spectasset is an indirect question introduced by quo (whither), featuring the subjunctive pluperfect spectasset (a syncopated form of spectavisset).
  5. §31.25.10inter adsentatores regios ante eam diem habitus — The perfect passive participle habitus modifies the subject (Cycliadas), adding a concessive or background nuance: "although he had been regarded as one of the king's flatterers before that day."

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §31.25.1-31.25.11. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:31.25.1-31.25.11

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