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Livy · History of Rome §3.49.1-3.49.8

Flight of Appius and Oppius Convening the Senate

Passage 175 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

A violent clash erupts between Appius and the leaders Valerius and Horatius, forcing Appius to flee from the forum. The other decemvir, Oppius, convokes the senate to pacify the situation.

§3.49.1concitatur multitudo partim atrocitate sceleris, partim spe per occasionem repetendae libertatis.
The multitude was aroused, partly by the atrocity of the crime, partly by the hope of recovering their liberty through this opportunity.
§3.49.2Appius nunc vocari Icilium, nunc retractantem arripi, postremo, cum locus adeundi apparitoribus non daretur, ipse cum agmine patriciorum iuvenum per turbam vadens in vincula duci iubet.
Appius now ordered Icilius to be summoned, now to be seized as he resisted, and finally, since no space was allowed for his attendants to approach, he himself, advancing through the crowd with a band of patrician youths, ordered him to be led to prison.
§3.49.3iam circa Icilium non solum multitudo, sed duces quoque multitudinis erant, L. Valerius et M. Horatius, qui repulso lictore, si iure ageret, vindicare se a privato Icilium aiebant; si vim adferre conaretur, ibi quoque haud inpares fore.
Now around Icilius there was not only the multitude, but also the leaders of the multitude, Lucius Valerius and Marcus Horatius, who, having repulsed the lictor, declared that if Appius acted legally, they would protect Icilius from a private citizen; if he should attempt to use force, they would not be unequal to him there either.
hinc atrox rixa oritur.
From this arose a fierce brawl.
§3.49.4Valerium Horatiumque lictor decemviri invadit; franguntur a multitudine fasces.
The lictor of the decemvir attacked Valerius and Horatius; the fasces were broken by the multitude.
in contionem Appius escendit; secuntur Horatius Valeriusque.
Appius ascended the platform; Horatius and Valerius followed him.
. eos contio audit; §3.49.5decemviro obstrepitur.
The assembly listened to them; the decemvir was drowned out by clamour.
iam pro imperio Valerius discedere a privato lictores iubebat, cum fractis animis Appius vitae metuens in domum se propinquam foro insciis adversariis capite obvoluto recipit.
Already Valerius, by virtue of his authority, was ordering the lictors to depart from a private citizen, when Appius, his spirit broken and fearing for his life, withdrew with his head covered, without his adversaries' knowledge, into a house near the forum.
§3.49.6Sp. Oppius, ut auxilio collegae esset, in forum ex altera parte inrumpit.
Spurius Oppius, to be of assistance to his colleague, rushed into the forum from the other side.
videt imperium vi victum.
He saw that authority had been overcome by force.
agitatus deinde consiliis, ad quae ex omni parte adsentiendo multis auctoribus trepidaverat, senatum postremo vocari iussit.
Then, agitated by counsels—in respect to which, by agreeing now on this side and now on that, he had wavered among many advisers—he finally ordered the senate to be convoked.
§3.49.7ea res, quod magnae parti patrum displicere acta decemvirorum videbantur, spe per senatum finiendae potestatis eius multitudinem sedavit.
This measure, because the acts of the decemvirs seemed displeasing to a large part of the patricians, quieted the multitude with the hope of ending that power through the senate.
senatus §3.49.8nec plebem inritandam censuit et multo magis providendum, ne quid Verginii adventus in exercitu motus faceret.
The senate resolved that the plebeians should not be provoked, and that much greater care should be taken lest the arrival of Verginius should cause any disturbance in the army.

Notes

  1. §3.49.3a privato Icilium — 'a privato' refers to Appius, who, since his term of office had expired, was considered legally to be merely a "private citizen". 'vindicare' is a legal term meaning to "claim for freedom" or "protect" Icilius from the unlawful coercion of that private citizen. 'se' is the subject accusative of the infinitive 'vindicare', referring to Valerius and Horatius.
  2. §3.49.5cum fractis animis Appius — An instance of "cum inversum" (inverted cum). The main clause (iam ... iubebat) uses the imperfect tense to describe an ongoing background action, while the subsequent sudden event is introduced by the 'cum' clause containing a historical present ('recipit') to heighten dramatic tension.
  3. §3.49.6ad quae ex omni parte adsentiendo multis auctoribus trepidaverat — A syntactically complex passage. The relative pronoun 'quae' (in 'ad quae') refers back to the antecedent 'consiliis' ("to which counsels"). 'ex omni parte adsentiendo' is a gerund in the ablative expressing means ("by agreeing on every side"). 'multis auctoribus' is an ablative absolute ("with many advisers being present" or "while many urged him"), describing Oppius's wavering and state of panic amidst conflicting recommendations.

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §3.49.1-3.49.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:3.49.1-3.49.8

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