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Livy · History of Rome §27.33.1-27.33.11

Crisis in Macedonia and Appointment of a Roman Dictator

Passage 879 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

Upon reaching Demetrias, Philip receives alarming reports of a Dardanian invasion and rumors of his own death. In Rome, following the unprecedented deaths of both consuls, a dictator is appointed, and the state prioritizes the swift election of cautious new consuls.

§27.33.1ibi alii maiorem adferentes tumultum nuntii occurrunt: Dardanos in Macedoniam effusos Orestidem iam tenere ac descendisse in Argestaeum campum, famamque inter barbaros celebrem esse Philippum occisum.
There, other messengers arrived bringing news of greater tumult: that the Dardanians, having poured into Macedonia, were already holding Orestis and had descended into the Argestaean plain, and that a widespread rumor was prevalent among the barbarians that Philip had been killed.
§27.33.2expeditione ea, qua cum populatoribus agri ad Sicyonem pugnavit, in arborem inlatus impetu equi ad eminentem ramum cornu alterum galeae praefregit; §27.33.3id inventum ab Aetolo quodam perlatumque in Aetoliam ad Scerdilaedum, cui notum erat insigne galeae, famam interfecti regis vulgavit.
In that expedition, in which he fought against the ravagers of the territory near Sicyon, having been carried against a tree by the rush of his horse, he broke off one of the two horns of his helmet against a projecting branch; this, having been found by a certain Aetolian and carried into Aetolia to Scerdilaedus, to whom the distinctive mark of the helmet was known, spread the rumor of the slain king.
§27.33.4post profectionem ex Achaia regis Sulpicius Aeginam classe profectus cum Attalo sese coniunxit.
After the departure of the king from Achaea, Sulpicius, having set out with his fleet for Aegina, joined himself with Attalus.
§27.33.5Achaei cum Aetolis Eleisque haud procul Messene prosperam pugnam fecerunt.
The Achaeans fought a successful battle against the Aetolians and Eleans not far from Messene.
Attalus rex et P. Sulpicius Aeginae hibernarunt.
King Attalus and P. Sulpicius wintered at Aegina.
§27.33.6exitu huius anni T. Quinctius consul dictatore comitiorum ludorumque faciendorum causa dicto T. Manlio Torquato, ex volnere moritur; alii Tarenti, alii in Campania mortuum tradunt.
At the close of this year, the consul T. Quinctius died of his wound, after T. Manlius Torquatus had been declared dictator for the purpose of holding the elections and games; some report that he died at Tarentum, others in Campania.
§27.33.7ita, quod nullo ante bello acciderat, duo consules sine memorando proelio interfecti velut orbam rem publicam reliquerant.
Thus, which had happened in no war before, the two consuls, killed without any memorable battle, had left the republic as if orphaned.
dictator Manlius magistrum equitum C. Servilium — tum aedilis curulis erat — dixit.
The dictator Manlius named C. Servilius—he was then curule aedile—as master of the horse.
§27.33.8senatus quo die primum est habitus, ludos magnos facere dictatorem iussit, quos M. Aemilius praetor urbanus C. Flaminio Cn.
On the day when the senate was first held, it ordered the dictator to celebrate the great games which M. Aemilius, the urban praetor, had celebrated in the consulship of C. Flaminius and Cn.
Servilio consulibus fecerat et in quinquennium voverat.
Servilius and had vowed for a five-year period.
tum dictator et fecit ludos et in insequens lustrum vovit.
Then the dictator both celebrated the games and vowed them for the following lustrum.
§27.33.9ceterum cum duo consulares exercitus tam prope hostem sine ducibus essent, omnibus aliis omissis una praecipua cura patres populumque incessit consules primo quoque tempore creandi, et ut eos crearent potissimum, quorum virtus satis tuta a fraude Punica esset: §27.33.10cum toto eo bello damnosa praepropera ac fervida ingenia imperatorum fuissent, tum eo ipso anno consules nimia cupiditate conserendi cum hoste manum in necopinatam fraudem lapsos esse.
For the rest, since two consular armies were so near the enemy without leaders, all other matters being set aside, one chief concern seized the patricians and the people: that of electing consuls at the earliest possible moment, and especially that they should elect those whose courage would be sufficiently safe from Punic deceit; since not only throughout that whole war had the overhasty and fiery tempers of the commanders been ruinous, but also in that very year the consuls, from an excessive desire of joining battle with the enemy, had fallen into an unexpected trap.
§27.33.11ceterum deos immortales, miseritos nominis Romani, pepercisse innoxiis exercitibus, temeritatem consulum ipsorum capitibus damnasse.
But the immortal gods, having pitied the Roman name, had spared the innocent armies, and had punished the rashness of the consuls themselves with their own lives.

Notes

  1. 27.33.1Dardanos ... occisum — The infinitive clauses following the colon after occurrunt (they meet) represent the indirect speech (oratio obliqua) detailing the reports brought by the messengers. Dardanos is the subject accusative of tenere and descendisse, and famam is the subject accusative of esse.
  2. 27.33.2in arborem inlatus — inlatus is the perfect passive participle of infero, modifying the subject (Philip). impetu is an ablative of cause or means, accompanied by the genitive equi, meaning "having been carried against a tree by the rush of the horse."
  3. 27.33.6dictatorem ... dicto T. Manlio Torquato — An ablative absolute construction. dicto (perfect passive participle) agrees with T. Manlio Torquato (ablative). dictatorem is the predicate accusative of dicto. The phrase in between, comitiorum ludorumque faciendorum causa, is a gerundive construction expressing purpose (causa + genitive).
  4. 27.33.10lapsos esse — lapsos esse is an infinitive with its subject accusative consules. This reflects the indirect speech continuing from the general anxiety and thoughts of the senate and people described in the previous sentence, explaining the reasons for their concern.

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §27.33.1-27.33.11. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:27.33.1-27.33.11

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