Humanitext Reader

Livy · History of Rome §26.14.1-26.14.9

Mass Suicide of Capuan Senators and Surrender to Rome

Passage 809 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

The senators who agreed with Virrius commit collective suicide by drinking poison at his house, while the rest of the senate decides on unconditional surrender to Rome. The Roman army enters Capua, confiscates its treasure, and arrests the senators who led the defection, sending them to neighboring cities.

§26.14.1hanc orationem Virri plures cum adsensu audierunt, quam forti animo id, quod probabant, exsequi potuerunt:
More heard this speech of Virrius with assent than were able to execute with a brave spirit that which they approved.
§26.14.2maior pars senatus, multis saepe bellis expertam populi Romani clementiam haud diffidentes sibi quoque placabilem fore, legatos ad dedendam Romanis Capuam decreverunt miseruntque.
The greater part of the senate, not doubting that the clemency of the Roman people, experienced in many frequent wars, would be placable to them as well, decreed and sent ambassadors to surrender Capua to the Romans.
§26.14.3Vibium Virrium septem et viginti ferme senatores domum secuti sunt epulatique cum eo et, quantum facere potuerant alienatis mentibus vino ab imminentis sensu mall, venenum omnes sumpserunt;
About twenty-seven senators followed Vibius Virrius to his house, and having feasted with him, and, as far as they had been able to distract their minds by wine from the sense of the imminent evil, they all took poison.
§26.14.4inde misso convivio dextris inter se datis ultimoque complexu conlacrimantes suum patriaeque casum alii, ut eodem rogo cremarentur, manserunt, alii domos digressi sunt.
Then, the banquet being dismissed, having given their right hands to one another and embracing for the last time, weeping together over their own and their country's fate, some remained to be burned on the same pyre, while others departed to their homes.
§26.14.5impletae cibis vinoque venae minus efficacem in maturanda morte vim veneni fecerunt: itaque noctem totam plerique eorum et diei insequentis partem cum animam egissent, omnes tamen prius, quam aperirentur hostibus portae, expirarunt.
Their veins, filled with food and wine, made the power of the poison less effective in hastening death; and so, although most of them struggled for life through the whole night and part of the following day, all nevertheless expired before the gates were opened to the enemy.
§26.14.6postero die porta Iovis quae adversus castra Romana erat, iussu proconsulis aperta est.
On the following day, the gate of Jupiter, which was opposite the Roman camp, was opened by order of the proconsul.
ea intromissa legio una et duae alae cum C. Fulvio legato.
Through it one legio and two alae were admitted with the legate Gaius Fulvius.
§26.14.7is cum omnium primum arma telaque, quae Capuae erant, ad se conferenda curasset, custodiis ad omnes portas dispositis, ne quis exire aut emitti posset, praesidium Punicum comprehendit, senatum Campanum ire in castra ad imperatores Romanos iussit.
When he had first of all taken care that the arms and weapons which were in Capua should be brought to him, and had placed guards at all the gates so that no one could go out or be sent out, he arrested the Punic garrison, and ordered the Campanian senate to go into the camp to the Roman commanders.
§26.14.8quo cum venissent, extemplo iis omnibus catenae iniectae, iussique ad quaestores deferre quod auri atque argenti haberent.
When they had come there, immediately chains were put on all of them, and they were ordered to deliver to the quaestors whatever gold and silver they had.
auri pondo duo milia septuaginta fuit, argenti triginta milia pondo et mille ducenta.
There were two thousand and seventy pounds of gold, and thirty-one thousand two hundred pounds of silver.
§26.14.9senatores quinque et viginti Cales in custodiam, duodetriginta Teanum missi, quorum de sententia maxime descitum ab Romanis constabat.
Twenty-five senators were sent into custody to Cales, and twenty-eight to Teanum, of whom it was well known that the defection from the Romans had been made chiefly by their advice.

Notes

  1. 26.14.2maior pars senatus ... decreverunt miseruntque — The singular collective noun "maior pars" is constructed with the plural verbs "decreverunt", "miserunt" and the plural participle "diffidentes". This is a classic example of "synesis" (construction according to sense), where agreement is made with the plural logical subject (the senators) rather than the grammatical singular.
  2. 26.14.3alienatis mentibus vino ab imminentis sensu mali — "alienatis mentibus" is an ablative absolute, literally "their minds having been alienated (by wine)". The prepositional phrase "ab ... sensu" depends on "alienatis", meaning "(their minds) having been removed/distracted from the sense of the imminent evil."
  3. 26.14.5cum animam egissent — "animam agere" is an idiomatic expression meaning "to be at the point of death, to struggle with death". The pluperfect subjunctive "egissent" is used in the "cum" clause, conveying a concessive or temporal sense ("although/when they had struggled...").
  4. 26.14.6ea — An ablative of route (with the feminine singular noun "porta" understood), used adverbially to mean "through there, by that way (i.e., through that gate)."
  5. 26.14.9descitum ab Romanis — An impersonal passive infinitive phrase (with "esse" omitted from "descitum esse"), from the intransitive verb "descisco". It serves as the subject of "constabat" ("it was well known"). Literally, "that it had been revolted from the Romans."

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §26.14.1-26.14.9. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:26.14.1-26.14.9

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