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Livy · History of Rome §24.1.1-24.1.13

Hanno's Campaign in Bruttium and the Surrender of Locri

Passage 706 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

Hanno, returning from Campania, attempts to win over the Greek cities with Bruttian help; eventually, Locri surrenders to the Carthaginians on equal terms after letting the Roman garrison withdraw.

§24.1.1ut ex Campania in Bruttios reditum est, Hanno adiutoribus et ducibus Bruttiis Graecas urbes temptavit, eo facilius in societate manentes Romana, quod Bruttios, quos et oderant et metuebant, Carthaginiensium partis factos cernebant.
When they returned from Campania to the country of the Bruttii, Hanno, with the Bruttians as his helpers and guides, made attempts upon the Greek cities, which remained in the Roman alliance all the more readily because they saw that the Bruttians, whom they both hated and feared, had joined the Carthaginian side.
§24.1.2regium primum temptatum est diesque aliquot ibi nequiquam absumpti.
Regium was attempted first, and several days were spent there in vain.
interim Locrenses frumentum lignaque et cetera necessaria usibus ex agris in urbem rapere, etiam ne quid relictum praedae hostibus esset, et in dies maior omnibus portis multitudo effundi; §24.1.3postremo ii modo relicti in urbe erant, qui reficere muros ac portas telaque in propugnacula congerere cogebantur.
Meanwhile, the Locrians were carrying grain, wood, and other necessaries from the fields into the city, so that nothing might be left as booty for the enemy, and day by day a larger multitude poured out from all the gates; at last, only those were left in the city who were compelled to repair the walls and gates, and to pile up weapons upon the ramparts.
§24.1.4in permixtam omnium aetatium ordinumque multitudinem et vagantem in agris magna ex parte inermem Hamilcar Poenus equites emisit, qui, violare quemquam vetiti, tantum ut ab urbe excluderent fuga dissipates, turmas obiecere.
Against this mixed multitude of all ages and ranks, wandering in the fields and for the most part unarmed, Hamilcar the Carthaginian sent out his cavalry, who, being forbidden to injure anyone, merely threw their squadrons in the way to shut them out from the city as they fled and dispersed.
§24.1.5dux ipse loco superiore capto, unde agros urbemque posset conspicere, Bruttiorum cohortem adire muros atque evocare principes Locrensium ad conloquium iussit et pollicentes amicitiam Hannibalis adhortari ad urbem tradendam.
The general himself, having occupied a higher ground from which he could view the fields and the city, ordered a cohort of Bruttians to approach the walls and summon the chief men of Locri to a conference, and, promising them the friendship of Hannibal, to exhort them to surrender the city.
§24.1.6Bruttiis in conloquio nullius rei primo fides est; deinde, ut Poenus apparuit in collibus et refugientes pauci aliam omnem multitudinem in potestate hostium esse adferebant, tum metu victi consulturos se populum responderunt.
In the conference, no credit was at first given to the Bruttians; then, as the Carthaginian appeared on the hills and a few fugitives reported that all the rest of the multitude was in the power of the enemy, overcome by fear they replied that they would consult the people.
§24.1.7advocataque extemplo contione cum et levissimus quisque novas res novamque societatem mallent et, quorum propinqui extra urbem interclusi ab hostibus erant, velut obsidibus datis pigneratos haberent animos, §24.1.8pauci magis taciti probarent constantem fidem quam probatam tueri auderent, haud dubio in speciem consensu fit ad Poenos deditio.
An assembly of the people being immediately summoned, since all the most fickle preferred a revolution and a new alliance, and those whose relatives had been shut out outside the city by the enemy had their minds bound as if hostages had been given, while the few who approved of steadfast loyalty dared not defend it openly, a surrender to the Carthaginians was made by what was undoubtedly an apparent consensus.
§24.1.9L. Atilio praefecto praesidii quique cum eo milites Romani erant, clam in portum deductis atque impositis in navis, ut Regium deveherentur, Hamilcarem Poenosque ea condicione, ut foedus extemplo aequis legibus fieret, in urbem acceperunt.
Lucius Atilius, the commander of the garrison, and the Roman soldiers who were with him, having been secretly conducted to the harbor and put on board ships to be carried to Regium, they received Hamilcar and the Carthaginians into the city on the condition that a treaty should be made immediately on equal terms.
§24.1.10cuius rei prope non servata fides deditis est, cum Poenus dolo dimissum Romanum incusaret, Locrenses profugisse ipsum causarentur.
Faith was almost not kept with them after they surrendered, as the Carthaginian complained that the Romans had been dismissed by trickery, while the Locrians pleaded that they had fled of their own accord.
§24.1.11insecuti etiam equites sunt, si quo casu in freto aestus morari aut deferre naves in terram posset.
Even the cavalry pursued, in case by any chance the tide in the strait might delay the ships or drive them to the land.
et eos quidem, quos sequebantur, non sunt adepti; alias a Messana traicientis freto Regium naves conspexerunt.
And indeed they did not overtake those whom they were pursuing; but they saw other ships crossing the strait from Messana to Regium.
§24.1.12milites erant Romani a Claudio praetore missi ad obtinendam urbem praesidio.
These were Roman soldiers sent by the praetor Claudius to hold the city with a garrison.
itaque Regio extemplo abscessum est.
Therefore, the retreat from Regium was made immediately.
§24.1.13Locrensibus iussu Hannibalis data pax ut liberi suis legibus viverent, urbs pateret Poenis, portus in potestatem Locrensium esset, societas eo iure staret, ut Poenus Locrensem Locrensisque Poenum pace ac bello iuvaret.
Peace was granted to the Locrians by order of Hannibal, on the terms that they should live free under their own laws, the city should be open to the Carthaginians, the harbor should be in the power of the Locrians, and the alliance should stand on the condition that the Carthaginian should help the Locrian and the Locrian the Carthaginian in peace and war.

Notes

  1. 24.1.1eo facilius ... quod — eo is an ablative of cause or degree, corresponding to the subsequent quod clause, meaning 'all the more easily because...'.
  2. 24.1.2rapere... effundi — These are historical infinitives, taking nominative subjects (Locrenses, multitudo) and functioning like the imperfect indicative to describe vivid and urgent actions.
  3. 24.1.5pollicentes — A nominative plural present participle. Although the object of the main verb iussit is Bruttiorum cohortem (singular), pollicentes agrees with it ad sensum (the soldiers composing the cohort).
  4. 24.1.9L. Atilio praefecto praesidii quique cum eo milites Romani erant, clam in portum deductis atque impositis in navis — An anacoluthon-like ablative absolute construction where the relative clause quique... erant is integrated directly alongside L. Atilio without coordinating conjunctions, functioning as part of the logical subject of the ablative participles.

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §24.1.1-24.1.13. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:24.1.1-24.1.13

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