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Livy · History of Rome §23.34.1-23.34.17

Capture of Macedonian Envoys and the Revealed Treaty

Passage 690 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

The ambassadors carrying the treaty between Carthage and Macedonia are captured by the Romans, revealing their alliance. Meanwhile, both Rome and Carthage prepare to send reinforcements to Sardinia.

§23.34.1in has ferme leges inter Poenum ducem legatosque Macedonum ictum foedus; §23.34.2missique cum iis ad regis ipsius firmandam fidem legati, Gisgo et Bostar et Mago.
On approximately these terms was the treaty struck between the Carthaginian leader and the ambassadors of the Macedonians; and along with them, to confirm the good faith of the king himself, were sent ambassadors Gisgo, Bostar, and Mago.
eodem ad Iunonis Laciniae, ubi navis occulta in statione erat, perveniunt.
They arrived at the same place, the temple of Juno Lacinia, where their ship was in a hidden anchorage.
§23.34.3inde profecti cum altum tenerent, conspecti a classe Romana sunt, quae praesidio erat Calabriae litoribus; §23.34.4Valeriusque Flaccus cercuros ad persequendam retrahendamque navem cum misisset, primo fugere regii conati; deinde, ubi celeritate vinci senserunt, tradunt se Romanis et ad praefectum classis adducti sunt.
Setting out from there, when they were holding to the deep sea, they were spotted by the Roman fleet which was guarding the coast of Calabria; and when Valerius Flaccus had sent fast vessels to pursue and bring back the ship, the king's men at first attempted to flee; then, when they realized they were being beaten in speed, they surrendered themselves to the Romans and were brought to the commander of the fleet.
§23.34.5is cum quaereret, qui et unde et quo tenderent cursum, Xenophanes primo satis iam semel felix mendacium struere, a Philippo se ad Romanos missum ad M. Valerium, ad quem unum iter tutum fuerit, pervenisse, Campaniam superare nequisse saeptam hostium praesidiis.
When he asked who they were, where they came from, and whither they were directing their course, Xenophanes at first began to construct a lie, which had already once been successful enough, saying that he had been sent by Philip to the Romans to M. Valerius, to whom alone the route had been safe, and that he had reached him, but had been unable to cross Campania, which was blocked by the garrisons of the enemy.
§23.34.6deinde ut Punicus cultus habitusque suspectos legatos fecit Hannibalis interrogatosque sermo prodidit, §23.34.7tum comitibus eorum seductis ac metu territis litterae quoque ab Hannibale ad Philippum inventae et pacta inter regem Macedonum Poenumque ducem.
Then, as the Carthaginian dress and manner made the ambassadors of Hannibal suspect, and their speech, when they were questioned, betrayed them, their companions were then set apart and terrified with fear, and a letter also from Hannibal to Philip was discovered, as well as the agreements between the king of the Macedonians and the Carthaginian leader.
§23.34.8quibus satis cognitis optimum visum est captivos comitesque eorum Romam ad senatum aut ad consules, ubicumque essent, quam primum deportare.
When these things were sufficiently known, it seemed best to deport the captives and their companions to Rome, to the senate or to the consuls, wherever they might be, as soon as possible.
§23.34.9ad id celerrimae quinque naves delectae ac L. Valerius Antias, qui praeesset, missus, eique mandatum, ut in omnis navis legatos separatim custodiendos divideret daretque operam, ne quod iis conloquium inter se neve quae communicatio consilii esset.
For this purpose, five of the fastest ships were chosen, and L. Valerius Antias was sent to command them, and he was instructed to distribute the ambassadors into all the ships to be kept under separate guard, and to take care that there should be no conversation among them nor any communication of plans.
§23.34.10per idem tempus Romae cum A. Cornelius Mammula ex Sardinia provincia decedens rettulisset, qui status rerum in insula esset: bellum ac defectionem omnis spectare;
Around the same time at Rome, when A. Cornelius Mammula, departing from the province of Sardinia, had reported what the state of affairs on the island was—that everyone was looking toward war and rebellion; that Q.
§23.34.11Q. Mucium, qui successisset sibi, gravitate caeli aquarumque advenientem exceptum, non tam in periculosum quam longum morbum inplicitum, diu ad belli munia sustinenda inutilem fore, §23.34.12exercitumque ibi ut satis firmum pacatae provinciae praesidem esse,
Mucius, who had succeeded him, had been received upon arrival by the severity of the climate and the water, and had contracted a disease not so much dangerous as long-lasting, and would for a long time be useless for sustaining the duties of war; and that the army there, though strong enough to be a protector of a peaceful province, was yet little suited for the war which seemed about to be set in motion—the fathers decreed that Q.
§23.34.13ita parum aptum bello, quod motum iri videretur, — decreverunt patres, ut Q. Fulvius Flaccus quinque milia peditum, quadringentos equites scriberet eamque legionem primo quoque tempore in Sardiniam traiciendam curaret §23.34.14mitteretque cum imperio quem ipsi videretur, qui rem gereret, quoad Mucius convaluisset.
Fulvius Flaccus should enlist five thousand infantry and four hundred cavalry, and see to it that this legion was transported to Sardinia at the very first opportunity, and that he should send with authority whomsoever he pleased to conduct the operations until Mucius should recover.
§23.34.15ad eam rem missus est T. Manlius Torquatus, qui bis consul et censor fuerat subegeratque priore consulatu Sardos.
For this business, T. Manlius Torquatus was sent, who had been consul twice and censor, and in his earlier consulship had subdued the Sardinians.
§23.34.16sub idem fere tempus et a Carthagine in Sardiniam classis missa duce Hasdrubale, cui Calvo cognomen erat, foeda tempestate vexata ad Balearis insulas deicitur, ibique — §23.34.17adeo non armamenta modo sed etiam alvei navium quassati erant subductae naves dum reficiuntur, aliquantum temporis triverunt.
At about the same time, a fleet was also sent from Carthage to Sardinia under the leadership of Hasdrubal, whose surname was Calvus, but, tossed by a foul tempest, it was driven to the Balearic Islands, and there— —so severely had not only the rigging but also the hulls of the ships been shattered, the ships were hauled ashore and, while they were being repaired, they wasted a considerable amount of time.

Notes

  1. 23.34.5struere — Historical infinitive, acting as a finite verb in the imperfect or perfect indicative (equivalent to struxit or struebat), used to convey dramatic past action.
  2. 23.34.11gravitate caeli aquarumque — Ablative of cause, meaning "by the severity of the climate and the water."
  3. 23.34.13ut Q. Fulvius Flaccus ... scriberet — Noun clause introduced by ut dependent on the main verb decreverunt (decreed), with the imperfect subjunctive verbs scriberet, curaret, and mitteret in coordination.
  4. 23.34.16ibique — Anacoluthon (disruption of syntactic flow). The clause starting with ibique (and there) is interrupted in the next section by the intensive result clause adeo... and details of repair, leaving the original main verb unexpressed, and concluding with triverunt.

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §23.34.1-23.34.17. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:23.34.1-23.34.17

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