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Livy · History of Rome §22.9.1-22.9.11

Hannibal in Picenum and the Religious Reforms of Fabius

Passage 603 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

After failing to capture Spoletium, Hannibal marches through Picenum and other regions, devastating the land. Meanwhile in Rome, the newly appointed dictator Fabius Maximus points out neglect of religious rites and persuades the senate to consult the Sibylline books and vow sacred ceremonies to appease the gods.

§22.9.1Hannibal recto itinere per Umbriam usque ad Spoletium venit.
Hannibal, having marched straight through Umbria, came as far as Spoletium.
§22.9.2inde cum perpopulato agro urbem oppugnare adortus esset, cum magna caede suorum repulsus, coniectans ex unius coloniae minus prospere temptatae viribus, quanta moles Romanae urbis esset, in agrum Picenum avertit iter non copia solum omnis. §22.9.3generis frugum abundantem sed refertum praeda, quam effuse avidi atque egentes rapiebant.
Thence, when after devastating the territory he had attempted to assault the city, having been repulsed with great slaughter of his own men, guessing from the strength of a single colony which had been unsuccessfully attacked how great an undertaking the Roman city would be, he turned his march into the Picene territory, which not only of every kind of produce was abundant, but stuffed with plunder, which, greedily and in need, they seized without restraint.
§22.9.4ibi per dies aliquot stativa habita, refectusque miles hibernis itineribus ac palustri via proelioque magis ad eventum secundo quam levi aut facili adfectus.
There for several days a stationary camp was held, and the soldier was refreshed, who had been worn out by winter marches, the swampy road, and a battle more successful in its outcome than light or easy.
§22.9.5ubi satis quietis datum praeda ac populationibus magis quam otio aut requie gaudentibus, profectus Praetutianum Hadrianumque agrum, Marsos inde Marrucinosque et Paelignos devastat circaque Arpos et Luceriam proximam Apuliae regionem.
When sufficient rest had been given to those who rejoiced more in plunder and devastation than in leisure or rest, having set out, he devastated the Praetutian and Hadrian territory, then the Marsi, Marrucini, and Paeligni, and the region of Apulia around Arpi and nearby Luceria.
§22.9.6Cn. Servilius consul levibus proeliis cum Gallis factis et uno oppido ignobili expugnato postquam de collegae exercitusque caede audivit, iam moenibus patriae metuens, ne abesset in discrimine extremo, ad urbem iter intendit.
Gnaeus Servilius the consul, having fought light battles with the Gauls and taken one undistinguished town, after he heard of the slaughter of his colleague and the army, now fearing for the walls of his fatherland lest he should be absent in the extreme crisis, directed his march toward the city.
§22.9.7Q. Fabius Maximus dictator iterum quo die magistratum iniit vocato senatu, ab diis orsus, cum edocuisset patres plus neglegentia caerimoniarum auspiciorumque quam temeritate atque inscitia peccatum a C. Flaminio consule esse quaeque piacula irae deum essent ipsos deos consulendos esse, §22.9.8pervicit, ut, quod non ferme decernitur, nisi cum taetra prodigia nuntiata sunt, decemviri libros Sibyllinos adire iuberentur.
Quintus Fabius Maximus, dictator for the second time, on the day he entered office, having convoked the senate, began with the gods; when he had demonstrated to the senators that more had been sinned by the consul Gaius Flaminius through neglect of ceremonies and auspices than through rashness and ignorance, and that the gods themselves must be consulted as to what were the expiations for the wrath of the gods, he prevailed upon them that the decemviri should be ordered to consult the Sibylline books, a thing which is not commonly decreed except when dreadful prodigies have been reported.
§22.9.9qui inspectis fatalibus libris rettulerunt patribus quod eius belli causa votum Marti foret, id non rite factum de integro atque amplius faciundum esse, §22.9.10et Iovi ludos magnos et aedes Veneri Erycinae ac Menti vovendas esse, et supplicationem lectisterniumque habendum, et ver sacrum vovendum, si bellatum prospere esset resque publica in eodem, quo ante bellum fuisset, statu permansisset.
They, having inspected the books of fate, reported to the senators that the vow which had been made to Mars on account of this war had not been duly performed, and must be performed anew and on a grander scale, and that great games must be vowed to Jupiter, and temples to Venus of Eryx and to Mens, and a supplication and lectisternium must be held, and a sacred spring vowed, if the war should be waged successfully and the republic should remain in the same state in which it had been before the war.
§22.9.11senatus, quoniam Fabium belli cura occupatura esset, M. Aemilium praetorem, ex collegi pontificum sententia omnia ea ut mature fiant, curare iubet.
The senate, since the care of the war was going to occupy Fabius, ordered Marcus Aemilius the praetor to take care, in accordance with the opinion of the college of pontiffs, that all those things should be done in due time.

Notes

  1. §22.9.2omnis — The word `omnis` at the end of 22.9.2 and `generis` at the beginning of 22.9.3 together form the noun phrase `omnis generis` ("of every kind"). Although artificially divided by the section boundary, grammatically it modifies `frugum` which in turn depends on `abundantem`.
  2. §22.9.5gaudentibus — A dative plural participle modifying an implied demonstrative pronoun `iis` (or `militibus`), which functions as the indirect object of the impersonal passive `datum [est]` ("was given"). It means "to those [the soldiers] who rejoice in...".
  3. §22.9.7peccatum... esse — An impersonal use of the perfect passive infinitive of `pecco` ("to sin/err"), forming an accusative and infinitive construction dependent on `edocuisset` ("he had demonstrated that it had been sinned..."). The agent is expressed by the ablative phrase `a C. Flaminio consule` ("by the consul Gaius Flaminius").

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §22.9.1-22.9.11. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:22.9.1-22.9.11

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