Humanitext Reader

Livy · History of Rome §21.61.1-21.61.11

Hasdrubal's Raid and Scipio's Subjugation of Spanish Tribes

Passage 592 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

Hasdrubal attacks the Roman naval forces but retreats upon Scipio's reaction. Scipio then subdues the Ilergetes and the Ausetani, who had been incited to revolt, before returning to winter quarters.

§21.61.1priusquam certa huius cladis fama accideret, transgressus Hiberum Hasdrubal cum octo milibus peditum, mille equitum, tamquam ad primum adventum Romanorum occursurus, postquam perditas res ad Cissim amissaque castra accepit, iter ad mare convertit.
Before the certain news of this disaster arrived, Hasdrubal, having crossed the Ebro with eight thousand infantry and a thousand cavalry, as if to meet the Romans at their first arrival, after he learned of the ruin of affairs at Cissis and the loss of the camp, turned his march towards the sea.
§21.61.2haud procul Tarracone classicos milites navalesque socios vagos palantisque per agros, quod ferme fit, ut secundae res neglegentiam creent, equite passim dimisso cum magna caede, maiore fuga ad naves compellit;
Not far from Tarraco, he drove the fleet soldiers and naval allies, who were wandering and straggling through the fields—as usually happens, that success breeds negligence—with cavalry sent out everywhere, with great slaughter and a greater flight, back to their ships.
§21.61.3nec diutius circa ea loca morari ausus, ne ab Scipione opprimeretur, trans Hiberum sese recepit.
And not daring to linger longer around those places, lest he should be overwhelmed by Scipio, he withdrew across the Ebro.
§21.61.4et Scipio raptim ad famam novorum hostium agmine acto, cum in paucos praefectos navium arimadvertisset, praesidio Tarracone modico relicto Emporias cum classe rediit.
And Scipio, having marched his army in haste upon the report of the new enemy, after he had punished a few commanders of the ships, and left a moderate garrison at Tarraco, returned to Emporiae with the fleet.
§21.61.5vixdum digresso eo Hasdrubal aderat, et Ilergetum populo, qui obsides Scipioni dederat, ad defectionem inpulso cum eorum ipsorum iuventute agros fidelium Romanis sociorum vastat.
Scarcely had he departed when Hasdrubal was there, and having incited the people of the Ilergetes, who had given hostages to Scipio, to revolt, he laid waste the fields of the allies faithful to the Romans with the youth of those very people.
§21.61.6excito deinde Scipione hibernis toto cis Hiberum rursus cedit agro.
Then, when Scipio was aroused from his winter quarters, Hasdrubal again withdrew from the whole territory this side of the Ebro.
Scipio relictam ab auctore defectionis Ilergetum gentem cum infesto exercitu invasisset, §21.61.7conpulsis omnibus Atanagrum urbem, quae caput eius populi erat, circumsedit intraque dies paucos pluribus quam ante obsidibus imperatis Ilergetes pecunia etiam multatos in ius dicionemque recepit.
Scipio, having invaded the territory of the Ilergetes, who had been abandoned by the author of their revolt, with a hostile army, and having driven them all into the city of Atanagrum, which was the capital of that people, he besieged it; and within a few days, having demanded more hostages than before, and also fined the Ilergetes in money, he received them back into his law and dominion.
§21.61.8inde in Ausetanos prope Hiberum, socios et ipsos Poenorum, procedit, atque urbe eorum obsessa Lacetanos auxilium finitimis ferentes nocte haud procul iam urbe, cum intrare vellent, excepit insidiis.
From there he proceeded against the Ausetani near the Ebro, who were also themselves allies of the Carthaginians; and having besieged their city, he surprised in an ambush the Lacetani, who were bringing help to their neighbors, by night not far from the city, when they wished to enter it.
§21.61.9caesa ad duodecim milia; exuti prope omnes armis domos passim palantes per agros diffugere.
Up to twelve thousand were slain; almost all of them, stripped of their arms, fled to their homes, wandering here and there through the fields.
nec obsesses alia ulla res quam iniqua oppugnantibus hiems tutabatur.
Nor did any other thing protect the besieged than a winter that was unfavorable to the besiegers.
§21.61.10triginta dies obsidio fuit, per quos raro umquam nix minus quattuor pedes alta iacuit; adeoque pluteos ac vineas Romanorum operuerat, ut ea sola ignibus aliquotiens coniectis ab hoste etiam tutamentum fuerit.
The siege lasted thirty days, during which the snow rarely lay less than four feet deep; and it had so covered the mantlets and sheds of the Romans that this alone served even as a protection against the fires that were repeatedly thrown by the enemy.
§21.61.11postremo, cum Amusicus princeps eorum ad Hasdrubalem profugisset, viginti argenti talentis pacti deduntur.
Finally, when Amusicus, their chief, had fled to Hasdrubal, they surrendered, having bargained for twenty talents of silver.
Tarraconem in hiberna reditum est.
They returned to winter quarters at Tarraco.

Notes

  1. 21.61.1tamquam ad primum adventum Romanorum occursurus — The future active participle occursurus, used with tamquam, expresses subjective intention or purpose ('as if to meet'). It indicates Hasdrubal's initial intent to block the Roman advance.
  2. 21.61.2quod ferme fit, ut secundae res neglegentiam creent — The relative pronoun quod has the following ut-clause as its subject or appositive in relation to fit ('as usually happens, that...'). The ut-clause functions as a noun clause explaining the general truth that success breeds negligence.
  3. 21.61.6excito deinde Scipione hibernis toto cis Hiberum rursus cedit agro — The subject of cedit is Hasdrubal (continued from the previous context), despite the intervening ablative absolute excito Scipione ('when Scipio was aroused'). It describes Hasdrubal's retreat from the territory upon Scipio's mobilization.
  4. 21.61.6Scipio relictam ab auctore defectionis Ilergetum gentem cum infesto exercitu invasisset — The subjunctive pluperfect invasisset logically connects to the indicative main verbs in the following section (circumsedit, recepit). It functions as a temporal or circumstantial clause ('when Scipio had invaded...'), typical of Livy's narrative style where the conjunction (cum) is omitted or implied.
  5. 21.61.9nec obsessos alia ulla res quam iniqua oppugnantibus hiems tutabatur — The construction nec... alia ulla res quam... functions as a strong exclusive statement ('nothing other than... protected', i.e., 'only... protected'). The dative present participle oppugnantibus means '(a winter unfavorable) to the besiegers'.

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §21.61.1-21.61.11. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:21.61.1-21.61.11

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.