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Livy · History of Rome §21.29.1-21.29.7

Cavalry Skirmish and Hannibal's March toward Italy

Passage 560 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

A clash occurs between Numidian cavalry sent by Hannibal and Roman scouting cavalry, resulting in a Roman victory. Scipio awaits the enemy's next moves, while Hannibal is persuaded by the newly arrived Boian envoys to focus on crossing the Alps into Italy.

§21.29.1dum elephanti traiciuntur, interim Hannibal Numidas equites quingentos ad castra Romana miserat speculatum, ubi et quantae copiae essent et quid pararent.
While the elephants were being crossed, Hannibal in the meantime had sent five hundred Numidian horsemen to the Roman camp to reconnoiter where and how large their forces were, and what they were preparing.
§21.29.2huic alae equitum missi, ut ante dictum est, ab ostio Rhodani trecenti Romanorum equites occurrunt.
This troop of cavalry was met by three hundred Roman horsemen who, as was said before, had been sent from the mouth of the Rhone.
proelium atrocius quam pro numero pugnantium editur; §21.29.3nam praeter multa vulnera caedes etiam prope par utrimque fuit, fugaque et pavor Numidarum Romanis iam admodum fessis victoriam dedit.
A battle was joined, more fierce than might have been expected from the number of the combatants; for besides many wounds, the slaughter was also nearly equal on both sides, and the flight and panic of the Numidians gave the victory to the Romans, who were already extremely fatigued.
victores ad centum quadraginta, nec omnes Romani, sed pars Gallorum, victi amplius ducenti ceciderunt.
Of the victors about one hundred and forty fell, not all Romans, but a part Gauls; of the vanquished more than two hundred fell.
§21.29.4hoc principium simul omenque belli ut summae rerum prosperum eventum ita haud sane incruentam ancipitisque certaminis victoriam Romanis portendit.
This beginning and at the same time omen of the war portended for the Romans, as a successful issue for the main event, so a victory by no means bloodless and of a doubtful contest.
ut re ita gesta ad utrumque ducem sui redierunt, §21.29.5nec Scipioni stare sententia poterat, nisi ut ex consiliis coeptisque hostis et ipse conatus caperet, §21.29.6et Hannibalem incertum, utrum coeptum in Italiam intenderet iter an cum eo, qui primus se obtulisset Romanus exercitus, manus consereret, avertit a praesenti certamine Boiorum legatorum regulique Magali adventus, qui se duces itinerum, socios periculi fore adfirmantes integro bello nusquam ante libatis viribus Italiam adgrediendam censent.
When, the affair having been thus conducted, their own men returned to each general, Scipio could not fix upon any settled plan, except that he himself should take measures according to the designs and attempts of the enemy, and Hannibal, uncertain whether he should continue the march he had begun into Italy, or join battle with the Roman army that had first presented itself, was turned away from the immediate contest by the arrival of the Boian ambassadors and of their petty king Magalus, who, affirming that they would be guides for the journey and partners in the danger, judged that Italy should be attacked while the war was yet fresh, with their strength nowhere previously diminished.
§21.29.7multitudo timebat quidem hostem nondum oblitterata memoria superioris belli, sed magis iter immensum Alpesque, rem fama utique inexpertis horrendam, metuebat.
The multitude indeed feared the enemy, the memory of the former war not yet being effaced, but they more dreaded the immense march and the Alps, a thing indeed terrible by report to those who had not experienced it.

Notes

  1. §21.29.1speculatum — A supine in -um expressing purpose ("to reconnoiter") after the verb of motion `miserat` ("had sent").
  2. §21.29.2pro numero pugnantium — The preposition `pro` here means "in proportion to" or "considering," establishing the standard of comparison for the fierceness of the battle.
  3. §21.29.5nec Scipioni stare sententia poterat, nisi ut — The idiom `stare sententia` with the dative `Scipioni` means "to form a settled resolution." The phrase `nisi ut` introduces a conditional limitation, meaning "except so far as to..." or "except that...".
  4. §21.29.6avertit ... adventus — The core grammatical structure is `adventus` (arrival, subject) + `avertit` (turned away, verb) + `Hannibalem` (object). The object `Hannibalem` is modified by the long adjectival clause starting with `incertum...`, and the subject `adventus` is delayed near the end of the main clause, creating a hyperbaton.

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §21.29.1-21.29.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:21.29.1-21.29.7

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