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Livy · History of Rome §21.13.1-21.13.9

Alorcus Presents Hannibal's Harsh Terms of Peace

Passage 544 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

Alorcus explains to the Saguntine senate how he became a mediator and presents Hannibal's harsh terms of peace, which include the surrender of the city, confiscation of property, and departure unarmed, urging them to accept them.

§21.13.1“si civis vester Alco, sicut ad pacem petendam ad Hannibalem venit, ita pacis condiciones ab Hannibale ad vos rettulisset, supervacaneum hoc mihi fuisset iter, quo nec orator Hannibalis nec transfuga ad vos veni; §21.13.2sed cum ille aut vestra aut sua culpa manserit apud hostem — sua, si metum simulavit, vestra, si periculum est apud vos vera referentibus —, ego, ne ignoraretis esse aliquas et salutis et pacis vobis condiciones, pro vetusto hospitio, quod mihi vobiscum est, ad vos veni.
“If your fellow-citizen Alco, just as he went to Hannibal to seek peace, had in like manner brought back the conditions of peace from Hannibal to you, this journey of mine would have been superfluous, by which I have come to you neither as Hannibal's envoy nor as a deserter; but since he, either by your fault or his own, has remained with the enemy—his own, if he feigned fear; yours, if there is danger among you for those who report the truth—, I, lest you should be ignorant that there are some conditions of both safety and peace for you, have come to you because of the ancient guest-friendship which I have with you.
§21.13.3vestra autem causa me nec ullius alterius loqui, quae loquor apud vos, vel ea fides sit, quod neque dum vestris viribus restitistis neque dum auxilia ab Romanis sperastis pacis umquam apud vos mentionem feci.
Moreover, let this be the proof that I speak what I speak among you for your sake and not for that of anyone else, that neither while you resisted with your own strength nor while you hoped for help from the Romans did I ever make mention of peace among you.
§21.13.4postquam nec ab Romanis vobis ulla est spes nec vestra vos iam aut arma aut moenia satis defendunt, pacem adfero ad vos magis necessariam quam aequam.
After there is no longer any hope for you from the Romans, and neither your arms nor your walls protect you sufficiently any longer, I bring to you a peace more necessary than just.
§21.13.5cuius ita aliqua spes est, si ear, quem ad modum ut victor fert Hannibal, sic vos ut victi audietis et non id, quod amittitur, in damno, cum omnia victoris sint, sed, quidquid relinquitur, pro munere habituri estis.
Of which there is some hope only if, in the manner that Hannibal offers it as victor, you likewise will listen to it as the vanquished, and if you are going to regard not what is lost as a loss—since everything belongs to the victor—but whatever is left as a gift.
§21.13.6urbem vobis, quam ex magna parte dirutam, captam fere totam habet, adimit, agros relinquit, locum adsignaturus, in quo novum oppidum aedificetis.
The city, which he holds largely destroyed and almost entirely captured, he takes away from you; he leaves you the lands, intending to assign a place in which you may build a new town.
aurum et argentum omne publicum privatumque ad se iubet deferri; §21.13.7corpora vestra, coniugum ac liberorum uestrorum servat inviolata, si inermes cum binis vestimentis velitis ab Sagunto exire.
All gold and silver, both public and private, he orders to be brought to him; your bodies and those of your wives and children he keeps unharmed, if you are willing to depart from Saguntum unarmed with two garments each.
§21.13.8haec victor hostis imperat; haec, quamquam sunt gravia atque acerba, fortuna vestra vobis suadet.
These things the victorious enemy commands; these things, though they are heavy and bitter, your fortune advises you to accept.
equidem haud despero, cum omnium potestas ei facta sit, aliquid ex his remissurum; §21.13.9sed vel haec patienda censeo potius, quam trucidari corpora vestra, rapi trahique ante ora vestra coniuges ac liberos belli iure sinatis. ”
For my part, I do not despair that, since power over all things has been given to him, he will remit something of these; but I think that even these things ought to be endured rather than that you should allow your bodies to be slaughtered, and your wives and children to be seized and dragged away before your eyes by the laws of war.”

Notes

  1. 21.13.1si ... rettulisset, fuisset — Contrary to fact conditional in the past using the pluperfect subjunctive. It indicates that since the previous envoy Alco did not bring back the conditions, Alorcus's journey became necessary, contrary to what might have happened.
  2. 21.13.3vel ea fides sit, quod — The noun fides means "proof" or "ground of credibility," with the quod clause ("the fact that...") acting as an appositional noun clause to the demonstrative pronoun ea. The particle vel is used intensively to mean "even" or "at least."
  3. 21.13.9potius, quam ... sinatis — Present subjunctive (sinatis, second-person plural) introduced by potius quam. It expresses a strong recommendation or preference that one course of action (enduring the terms) is to be taken to avoid a worse outcome (allowing the slaughter and plunder).

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §21.13.1-21.13.9. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:21.13.1-21.13.9

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