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Livy · History of Rome §2.31.1-2.31.11

Valerius's Victory over the Sabines and Resignation

Passage 92 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

The dictator Valerius wins a great victory over the Sabines and triumphs, while a colony is founded. However, when his proposal concerning the debtors is rejected by the senate, Valerius resigns from the dictatorship in support of the plebs.

§2.31.1dum haec in Volscis geruntur, dictator Sabinos, ubi longe plurimum belli fuerat, fundit fugatque, exuit castris.
While these things were being done among the Volsci, the dictator routed and put to flight the Sabines, where there had been by far the greatest part of the war, and stripped them of their camp.
§2.31.2equitatu inmisso mediam turbaverat hostium aciem, quam, dum se cornua latius pandunt, parum apte instructis introrsum ordinibus firmaverant; turbatos pedes invasit.
Having sent in the cavalry, he had thrown into confusion the center of the enemy's line, which, while the wings were spreading themselves wider, they had reinforced with rows within that were not very fitly arranged; the infantry then fell upon them while they were in confusion.
eodem impetu castra capta debellatumque est.
By the same charge, the camp was taken and the war was finished.
§2.31.3post pugnam ad Regillum lacum non alia illis annis pugna clarior fuit.
After the battle at Lake Regillus, there was no other battle more famous in those years.
dictator triumphans urbem invehitur.
The dictator entered the city in triumph.
super solitos honores locus in circo ipsi posterisque ad spectaculum datus, sella eo loco curulis posita.
Besides the usual honors, a place in the circus was given to him and his posterity for the spectacle, and a curule chair was placed in that spot.
Volscis devictis Veliternus ager ademptus; §2.31.4Velitras coloni ab urbe missi; et * colonia deducta.
The Volsci having been conquered, the Veliternian territory was taken away; Colonists were sent from the city to Velitrae, and a colony was * established.
cum Aequis post aliquando pugnatum est invito quidem consule, quia loco iniquo subeundum erat ad hostes; §2.31.5sed milites extrahi rem criminantes, ut dictator, priusquam ipsi redirent in urbem, magistratu abiret, inritaque, sicut ante consulis, promissa eius caderent, perpulere, ut forte temere in adversos montes agmen erigeret.
Some time after, a battle was fought with the Aequi, indeed against the will of the consul, because they had to advance against the enemy in an unfavorable place; But the soldiers, charging that the business was being spun out so that the dictator might resign his office before they themselves returned to the city, and that his promises might fall void, just as the consul's had done before, forced him to lead the army up the opposing mountains by chance and rashly.
§2.31.6id male commissum ignavia hostium in bonum vertit, qui, priusquam ad coniectum teli veniretur, obstupefacti audacia Romanorum relictis castris, quae munitissimis tenuerant locis, in aversas valles desiluere; ubi satis praedae et victoria incruenta fuit.
This bad move was turned to good by the cowardice of the enemy, who, before they came within throw of a dart, astounded by the boldness of the Romans, abandoned their camp, which they had held in highly fortified positions, and leaped down into the valleys behind; where there was plenty of booty and a bloodless victory.
§2.31.7ita trifariam re bello bene gesta, de domesticarum rerum eventu nec patribus nec plebi cura decesserat; tanta cum gratia tum arte praeparaverant faeneratores, quae non modo plebem, sed ipsum etiam dictatorem frustrarentur.
Thus, though the military business was successfully conducted in three quarters, anxiety concerning the issue of domestic affairs had departed neither from the patricians nor from the plebs; with so much influence and art had the usurers prepared measures which should frustrate not only the plebs, but even the dictator himself.
§2.31.8namque Valerius post Vetusi consulis reditum omnium actionum in senatu primam habuit pro victore populo rettulitque, quid de nexis fieri placeret.
For Valerius, after the return of the consul Vetusius, made the very first of all his motions in the senate on behalf of the victorious people, and referred to them what they wished to be done concerning the bonded debtors.
§2.31.9quae cum reiecta relatio esset, “non placeo” inquit “concordiae auctor; optabitis, mediusfidius, propediem, ut mei similes Romana plebes patronos habeat.
When this motion was rejected, he said: "I, the promoter of concord, am not pleasing to you; by Hercules, you will wish very soon that the Roman plebs had patrons like me.
quod ad me attinet, neque frustrabor ultra cives meos neque ipse frustra dictator ero. §2.31.10discordiae intestinae, bellum externum fecere, ut hoc magistratu egeret res publica; pax foris parta est, domi inpeditur; privatus potius quam dictator seditioni interero. ” ita curia egressus dictatura se abdicavit.
As far as I am concerned, I will neither deceive my fellow citizens any further, nor will I myself be dictator in vain." "Internal discord and foreign war caused the republic to stand in need of this office; peace has been secured abroad, but is obstructed at home; I will be present at the sedition as a private citizen rather than as dictator." Having thus departed from the senate-house, he abdicated the dictatorship.
§2.31.11apparuit causa plebi, suam vicem indignantem magistratu abisse: itaque velut persoluta fide, quoniam per eum non stetisset, quin praestaretur, decedentem domum cum favore ac laudibus prosecuti sunt.
The reason became apparent to the plebs, that he had resigned his office because he was indignant on their account; therefore, as if his promise had been fully performed, since it had not been through him that it was not fulfilled, they accompanied him as he retired home with favor and praises.

Notes

  1. §2.31.2parum apte instructis introrsum ordinibus — Ablative absolute describing the condition ("with the inner ranks having been inadequately drawn up") by which the Sabines' center line was vulnerable when they spread their wings. The following `pedes` is a nominative singular ("infantry" as a collective noun), acting as the subject of `invasit` with `turbatos` (the confused enemies) as its object.
  2. §2.31.5ut dictator, priusquam ipsi redirent in urbem, magistratu abiret, inritaque, sicut ante consulis, promissa eius caderent — The `ut` clause depends on `extrahi rem` ("that the matter was being spun out"), expressing the alleged purpose of the delay ("so that the dictator might resign ... and his promises might fall void"). The main verb of the sentence is `perpulere` (with `milites` as the subject), which takes `ut... erigeret` as its object clause.
  3. §2.31.11quoniam per eum non stetisset, quin praestaretur — An idiomatic expression `per aliquem stat, quominus/quin...` ("it is due to someone that ... not / someone prevents ... from"), here in the negative. The pluperfect subjunctive `stetisset` is used to report the past reason: "since it had not been through him that [the promise] was not fulfilled."

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §2.31.1-2.31.11. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:2.31.1-2.31.11

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