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Livy · History of Rome §1.41.1-1.41.7

Tanaquil's Scheme and Servius Securing the Throne

Passage 42 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

After Tarquin is attacked, Tanaquil plans to transfer power to Servius under the pretense of the king's recovery, and pacifies the public. Servius secures his rule before Tarquin's death is eventually made public.

§1.41.1Tarquinium moribundum cum, qui circa erant, excepissent, illos fugientes lictores conprehendunt.
When those who were around had received the dying Tarquin, the lictors apprehended those fleeing.
clamor inde concursusque populi, mirantium, quid rei esset.
Thereupon arose a clamor and a concourse of the people, wondering what the matter was.
Tanaquil inter tumultum claudi regiam iubet, arbitros eicit.
Tanaquil, amidst the confusion, orders the palace to be closed, and ejects the spectators.
simul quae curando vulneri opus sunt, tamquam spes subesset, sedulo conparat, simul, si destituat spes, alia praesidia molitur.
At the same time, she diligently prepares what is necessary for dressing the wound, as if there were hope; at the same time, should hope fail, she devises other protections.
§1.41.2Servio propere accito cum paene exanguem virum ostendisset, dextram tenens orat, ne inultam mortem soceri, ne socrum inimicis ludibrio esse sinat.
Servius having been hastily summoned, when she had shown him her almost lifeless husband, holding his right hand, she entreats him not to suffer the death of his father-in-law to go unavenged, nor his mother-in-law to be an object of mockery to their enemies.
§1.41.3“tuum est” inquit, “Servi, si vir es, regnum, non eorum, qui alienis manibus pessimum facinus fecere.
"The kingdom is yours, Servius," she says, "if you are a man, not of those who by the hands of others have committed a most heinous crime.
erige te deosque duces sequere, qui clarum hoc fore caput divino quondam circumfuso igni portenderunt.
Rouse yourself and follow the gods as guides, who once portended that this head would be illustrious by the divine fire poured around it.
nunc te illa caelestis excitet flamma, nunc expergiscere vere.
Now let that heavenly flame excite you, now awake in earnest.
et nos peregrini regnavimus; qui sis, non unde natus sis, reputa.
We too, though foreigners, have reigned; consider who you are, not from whom you were born.
si tua re subita consilia torpent, at tu mea consilia sequere. ” §1.41.4cum clamor impetusque multitudinis vix sustineri posset, ex superiore parte aedium per fenestras in Novam viam versas — habitabat enim rex ad Iouis Statoris — populum Tanaquil adloquitur.
If, in this sudden emergency, your own counsels are numbed, yet do you follow mine." When the clamor and pressure of the crowd could scarcely be withstood, Tanaquil addresses the people from the upper part of the house through the windows facing the Nova Via — for the king lived near the temple of Jupiter Stator.
§1.41.5iubet bono animo esse: sopitum fuisse regem subito ictu; ferrum haud alte in corpus descendisse; iam ad se redisse; inspectum vulnus absterso cruore; omnia salubria esse; confidere prope diem ipsum eos visuros; interim Servio Tullio iubere populum dicto audientem esse; eum iura redditurum obiturumque alia regis munia esse.
She bids them be of good cheer: that the king had been stunned by a sudden blow; that the weapon had not penetrated deep into his body; that he had already returned to himself; that the wound had been examined and the blood wiped away; that all was safe; that she was confident they would see him in person within a few days; that in the meantime, the king ordered the people to be obedient to Servius Tullius; that he would administer justice and perform the other duties of the king.
§1.41.6Servius cum trabea et lictoribus prodit ac sede regia sedens alia decernit, de aliis consulturum se regem esse simulat.
Servius comes forth with the trabea and lictors, and sitting on the royal throne, decides some matters, and pretends that he will consult the king about others.
itaque per aliquot dies, cum iam expirasset Tarquinius, celata morte per speciem alienae fungendae vicis suas opes firmavit.
Thus, for several days, although Tarquin had already expired, by concealing his death and under the pretense of performing another's part, he strengthened his own power.
tum demum palam factum est conploratione in regia orta.
Then at last, when a lamentation arose in the palace, the death was made public.
Servius praesidio firmo munitus primus iniussu populi voluntate patrum regnavit.
Servius, secured by a strong guard, was the first to reign without the order of the people, by the consent of the patricians.
§1.41.7Anci liberi iam tum, cum conprensis sceleris ministris vivere regem et tantas esse opes Servi nuntiatum est, Suessam Pometiam exulatum ierant.
The sons of Ancus, already at that moment when, the agents of the crime having been arrested, it was reported that the king was alive and that the power of Servius was so great, had gone into exile to Suessa Pometia.

Notes

  1. 1.41.1mirantium — The genitive plural present participle mirantium agrees with the collective singular noun populi by "constructio ad sensum" (construction according to sense).
  2. 1.41.1quae curando vulneri opus sunt — In this construction with opus est, the required things serve as the subject (quae), and the object of requirement is expressed in the dative of purpose with a gerundive (curando vulneri).
  3. 1.41.2inimicis ludibrio — A double dative construction, where inimicis is the dative of reference/interest (to their enemies) and ludibrio is the dative of purpose/result (as an object of mockery).
  4. 1.41.3clarum hoc fore caput — fore is the shortened form of futurum esse (future infinitive). It functions in an accusative and infinitive construction as the object of portenderunt, with hoc caput as its subject accusative and clarum as its predicate.
  5. 1.41.5dicto audientem esse — An idiomatic expression meaning "to be obedient (to)." The whole phrase takes a dative object (Servio Tullio).
  6. 1.41.7exulatum — The accusative supine (supine in -um) expressing purpose, used after the verb of motion ierant.

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §1.41.1-1.41.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:1.41.1-1.41.7

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