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Cornelius Nepos · Hannibal §1.1-1.3

Hannibal's Excellence and Hatred of Rome

Passage 1 of 13 · Latin

Summary

This chunk describes the outstanding military capability of the Carthaginian general Hannibal, his setback caused by the jealousy of his own citizens, and his lifelong, inherited hatred toward the Romans.

§1.1Hannibal, Hamilcaris filius, Karthaginiensis.
Hannibal, son of Hamilcar, Carthaginian.
si verum est, quod nemo dubitat, ut populus Romanus omnes gentes virtute superarit, non est infitiandum Hannibalem tanto praestitisse ceteros imperatores prudentia, quanto populus Romanus antecedat fortitudine cunctas nationes.
If it is true, which no one doubts, that the Roman people surpassed all nations in valor, it must not be denied that Hannibal excelled other commanders in prudence by as much as the Roman people precede all nations in bravery.
§1.2nam quotienscumque cum eo congressus est in Italia, semper discessit superior.
For as often as he engaged with them in Italy, he always departed superior.
quod nisi domi civium suorum invidia debilitatus esset, Romanos videtur superare potuisse.
And if he had not been weakened at home by the jealousy of his own fellow-citizens, he seems to have been able to overcome the Romans.
sed multorum obtrectatio devicit unius virtutem.
But the detraction of the many conquered the virtue of the one.
§1.3Hic autem velut hereditate relictum odium paternum erga Romanos sic conservavit, ut prius animam quam id deposuerit, qui quidem, cum patria pulsus esset et alienarum opum indigeret, numquam destiterit animo bellare cum Romanis.
This man, moreover, so preserved his father's hatred against the Romans, left to him as if by inheritance, that he laid down his life sooner than he did that hatred; who indeed, when he had been driven from his country and was in need of foreign resources, never ceased to wage war in his mind against the Romans.

Notes

  1. 1.1ut populus Romanus omnes gentes virtute superarit — An ut-clause functioning as the subject of (or in apposition to) the impersonal expression "verum est". While "verum est" is usually followed by an accusative with infinitive or a quod-clause, here an ut-clause (with perfect subjunctive superarit = superaverit) is used substantively.
  2. 1.1tanto praestitisse ceteros imperatores prudentia, quanto populus Romanus antecedat fortitudine cunctas nationes — A comparative construction using the ablative of degree of difference "tanto... quanto..." (by as much as... by so much...). Both praestitisse and antecedat mean "to excel/surpass" and take their objects in the accusative (ceteros imperatores, cunctas nationes) and the field of excellence in the ablative (prudentia, fortitudine).
  3. 1.2quod nisi — The word quod at the beginning of the sentence is a relative connection (connecting relative pronoun in the neuter accusative singular), referring back to the previous context, and here functioning as a conjunction meaning "but if... not".
  4. 1.3ut prius animam quam id deposuerit — A result clause introduced by ut (correlative with sic), containing a comparative construction with the adverb "prius... quam" (sooner than / before). The verb deposuerit is in the perfect subjunctive. The pronoun id refers back to odium paternum.

Cite this passage

Cornelius Nepos, Hannibal §1.1-1.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0588.abo023.humanitext-lat2:1.1-1.3

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