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Cornelius Nepos · Eumenes §11.1-11.5

The Captivity of Eumenes and Demand to Onomarchus

Passage 11 of 13 · Latin

Summary

Imprisoned Eumenes receives visits from enemies, old friends, and crowds curious to see him. He urges the guard-commander Onomarchus to decide his fate, boasting of his undefeated record.

§11.1Itaque cum eum in custodiam dedisset et praefectus custodum quaesisset, quem ad modum servari vellet, 'ut acerrimum' inquit 'leonem aut ferocissimum elephantum': nondum enim statuerat, conservaret eum necne.
Therefore, when he had put him in custody and the commander of the guards had asked how he wished him to be guarded, "Like the fiercest lion or the most savage elephant," he said; for he had not yet decided whether he should preserve him or not.
§11.2veniebat autem ad Eumenem utrumque genus hominum, et qui propter odium fructum oculis ex eius casu capere vellent, et qui propter veterem amicitiam colloqui consolarique cuperent, multi etiam, qui eius formam cognoscere studebant, qualis esset, quem tam diu tamque valde timuissent, cuius in pernicie positam spem habuissent victoriae.
Moreover, both classes of men came to Eumenes: those who, because of hatred, wished to feast their eyes on his downfall, and those who, because of old friendship, desired to converse with and comfort him; and also many who were eager to know his appearance, what he was like, whom they had feared so long and so greatly, and on whose destruction they had placed their hope of victory.
§11.3at Eumenes, cum diutius in vinclis esset, ait Onomarcho, penes quem summa imperii erat custodiae, se mirari, quare iam tertium diem sic teneretur: non enim hoc convenire Antigoni prudentiae, ut sic uteretur devicto: quin aut interfici aut missum fieri iuberet.
But Eumenes, when he had been in chains for some time, said to Onomarchus, in whose hands was the chief command of the guard, that he wondered why he was thus kept now for a third day; for this was not consistent with the wisdom of Antigonus, to treat a defeated foe in this way; why did he not rather order him either to be put to death or to be set free?
§11.4hic cum ferocius Onomarcho loqui videretur, 'quid? tu' inquit 'animo si isto eras, cur non in proelio cecidisti potius quam in potestatem inimici venires?' §11.5huic Eumenes 'utinam quidem istud evenisset! sed eo non accidit, quod numquam cum fortiore sum congressus: non enim cum quoquam arma contuli, quin is mihi succubuerit. ' neque id erat falsum: non enim virtute hostium, sed amicorum perfidia decidit.
When Eumenes seemed to speak too boldly to Onomarchus, the latter said, "What? If you were of that spirit, why did you not fall in battle rather than come into the power of your enemy?" To him Eumenes replied, "Would indeed that that had happened! But it did not occur for this reason, because I have never met with a stronger man; for I have crossed swords with no one without his succumbing to me." And this was not false; for he did not fall by the valor of his enemies, but by the treachery of his friends.
nam et dignitate fuit honesta et viribus ad laborem ferendum firmis neque tam magno corpore quam figura venusta.
Indeed, he was both of an honorable dignity and of strength firm for enduring labor, and of a body not so large as of a handsome figure.

Notes

  1. §11.1conservaret eum necne — An indirect deliberative question, using the imperfect subjunctive in accordance with the past-tense main verb (nondum statuerat). It originates from a deliberative subjunctive ("should I preserve him or not?").
  2. §11.2fructum oculis ex eius casu capere — Literally "to take fruit with the eyes from his downfall," an idiomatic expression meaning "to feast one's eyes on" or "derive satisfaction from viewing" his ruin. "Oculis" is an ablative of instrument.
  3. §11.3quin aut interfici aut missum fieri iuberet — A construction of "quin + subjunctive" in indirect speech. It represents an original direct question of exhortation or prompt ("quin iube? / quin iubes?" - "why do you not order...? / indeed, order..."), which becomes imperfect subjunctive dependent on "ait."
  4. §11.5quin is mihi succubuerit — A "quin" clause following a negative expression ("non... cum quoquam"), acting as a relative/consecutive clause of result and taking the subjunctive (perfect subjunctive "succubuerit"). It means "without his succumbing to me," i.e., "everyone I fought with succumbed to me."
  5. §11.5dignitate fuit honesta — The ablatives consisting of "noun + adjective" (dignitate honesta, viribus firmis, magno corpore, figura venusta) with the copula "fuit" are all ablatives of description (ablativus qualitatis), describing the physical and mental characteristics of the subject (Eumenes).

Cite this passage

Cornelius Nepos, Eumenes §11.1-11.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0588.abo018.humanitext-lat2:11.1-11.5

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