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Cornelius Nepos · Eumenes §1.1-1.6

Eumenes' Origin and Service to Two Kings

Passage 1 of 13 · Latin

Summary

The author introduces Eumenes of Cardia, describing how, despite the disadvantage of his foreign origin, his outstanding intellect and virtue earned him the high esteem and trust of both Kings Philip and Alexander.

§1.1Eumenes Cardianus.
Eumenes of Cardia.
huius si virtuti par data esset fortuna, non ille quidem maior exsitisset, quod magnos homines virtute metimur, non fortuna, sed multo illustrior atque etiam honoratior.
If a fortune equal to his virtue had been granted to him, he would indeed not have turned out greater—for we measure great men by virtue, not by fortune—but much more illustrious and even more honored.
§1.2nam cum aetas eius incidisset in ea tempora, quibus Macedones florerent, multum ei detraxit inter eos viventi, quod alienae erat civitatis, neque aliud huic defuit quam generosa stirps.
For since his lifetime had fallen into those times when the Macedonians were flourishing, it detracted much from him living among them that he was of a foreign state, nor did he lack anything else than a noble descent.
§1.3etsi enim domestico summo genere erat, tamen Macedones eum sibi aliquando anteponi indigne ferebant, neque tamen non patiebantur: vincebat enim omnes cura, vigilantia, patientia, calliditate et celeritate ingenii.
For although he was of the highest class in his home country, yet the Macedonians bore it with indignation that he was sometimes preferred to them, and yet they did tolerate it; for he surpassed everyone in care, vigilance, patience, craftiness, and quickness of mind.
§1.4Hic peradulescentulus ad amicitiam accessit Philippi, Amyntae filii, brevique tempore in intimam pervenit familiaritatem: fulgebat enim iam in adulescentulo indoles virtutis.
This man, as a very young man, attained the friendship of Philip, the son of Amyntas, and in a short time arrived at intimate familiarity; for the natural quality of virtue was already shining in the youth.
§1.5itaque eum habuit ad manum scribae loco, quod multo apud Graios honorificentius est quam apud Romanos.
Therefore he kept him close at hand in the post of secretary, which is much more honorable among the Greeks than among the Romans.
namque apud nos, re vera sicut sunt, mercennarii scribae existimantur; at apud illos e contrario nemo ad id officium admittitur nisi honesto loco, et fide et industria cognita, quod necesse est omnium consiliorum eum esse participem.
For among us, as they really are, mercenary scribes are regarded; but among them, on the contrary, no one is admitted to that office unless of an honorable origin, and of proven fidelity and industry, because it is necessary that he be a partner in all counsels.
§1.6hunc locum tenuit amicitiae apud Philippum annos septem.
He held this post of friendship under Philip for seven years.
illo interfecto eodem gradu fuit apud Alexandrum annos tredecim.
When he was killed, he was in the same rank under Alexander for thirteen years.
novissimo tempore praefuit etiam alterae equitum alae, quae Hetaerice appellabatur.
In his final period, he also commanded the other wing of the cavalry, which was called 'Hetaerice'.
utrique autem in consilio semper affuit et omnium rerum habitus est particeps.
Moreover, he was always present at the council of both, and was regarded as a partner in all matters.

Notes

  1. 1.1huius si virtuti par data esset fortuna, non ille quidem maior exsitisset... sed multo illustrior — A past contrary-to-fact conditional using the pluperfect subjunctive (si data esset ... exsitisset). The correlatives 'quidem ... sed' express a concession ('not indeed... but'). It implies that while luck (fortuna) would not make him inherently greater (since greatness is measured by virtue), it would have made him more outwardly illustrious.
  2. 1.2multum ei detraxit inter eos viventi, quod alienae erat civitatis — The quod-clause (quod alienae erat civitatis) functions as the subject of the verb detraxit. The dative phrase 'ei viventi' functions as the indirect object (dative of disadvantage/separation) with detraho, where 'viventi' is a participle agreeing with 'ei'. 'alienae civitatis' is a genitive of quality.
  3. 1.3neque tamen non patiebantur — A double negation (neque ... non) expressing a strong affirmative ('and yet they did tolerate it' or 'and yet they were not unwilling to suffer it'), with 'Macedones' understood as the subject.
  4. 1.5quod necesse est omnium consiliorum eum esse participem — The relative 'quod' refers back to the preceding clause or condition. The accusative and infinitive clause 'eum esse participem' (that he be a partner) functions as the subject of the impersonal 'necesse est'. 'omnium consiliorum' is a genitive of specification depending on the adjective 'participem'.

Cite this passage

Cornelius Nepos, Eumenes §1.1-1.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0588.abo018.humanitext-lat2:1.1-1.6

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