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Cornelius Nepos · Agesilaus §2.1-2.5

Expedition to Asia and the Truce with Tissaphernes

Passage 2 of 8 · Latin

Summary

Agesilaus secures permission for an expedition against Persia and launches a successful surprise attack. Tissaphernes proposes a truce as a ruse, but Agesilaus keeps his oath, gaining the favor of both gods and men.

§2.1Hic simulatque imperii potitus est, persuasit Lacedaemoniis ut cum exercitu se mitterent in Asiam bellumque regi facerent, docens satius esse in Asia quam in Europa dimicari.
As soon as he obtained the supreme power, he persuaded the Lacedaemonians to send him with an army into Asia and make war upon the king, pointing out that it was better for the war to be fought in Asia than in Europe.
namque fama exierat Artaxerxen comparare classes pedestresque exercitus, quos in Graeciam mitteret.
For a rumor had gone abroad that Artaxerxes was preparing fleets and land forces to send into Greece.
§2.2data potestate tanta celeritate usus est, ut prius in Asiam cum copiis pervenerit, quam regii satrapae eum scirent profectum.
Having been granted this authority, he acted with such speed that he arrived in Asia with his forces before the king's satraps knew that he had set out.
quo factum est ut omnes imparatos imprudentesque offenderet.
Whereby it happened that he caught everyone unprepared and off their guard.
§2.3id ut cognovit Tissaphernes, qui summum imperium tum inter praefectos habebat regios, indutias a Lacone petivit, simulans se dare operam, ut Lacedaemoniis cum rege conveniret, re autem vera ad copias comparandas, easque impetravit trimenstres.
When Tissaphernes, who at that time held the chief command among the king's officers, learned of this, he requested a truce from the Laconian, pretending that he was making an effort to bring about an agreement between the Lacedaemonians and the king, but in reality to gather forces; and he obtained a truce of three months.
§2.4iuravit autem uterque se sine dolo indutias conservaturum.
And each of the two swore that he would keep the truce without guile.
in qua pactione summa fide mansit Agesilaus, contra ea Tissaphernes nihil aliud quam bellum comparavit.
In which agreement Agesilaus remained with the utmost fidelity; on the other hand, Tissaphernes did nothing else than prepare for war.
§2.5id etsi sentiebat Laco, tamen iusiurandum servabat multumque in eo se consequi dicebat, quod Tissaphernes periurio suo et homines suis rebus abalienaret et deos sibi iratos redderet, se autem conservata religione confirmare exercitum, cum animadverteret deum numen facere secum, hominesque sibi conciliare amiciores, quod iis studere consuessent, quos conservare fidem viderent.
Although the Laconian perceived this, he nevertheless kept his oath and said that he gained a great advantage in this, because Tissaphernes by his perjury was both alienating men from his cause and rendering the gods angry with him, whereas he himself, by keeping his religious obligation, was encouraging his army, since he perceived that the divine power of the gods was on his side, and was winning men over to be more friendly to him, because they were accustomed to favor those whom they saw keeping their faith.

Notes

  1. §2.1dimicari — The impersonal passive present infinitive of the intransitive verb dimico (to fight). It functions as the subject of the infinitive clause satius esse (that it was better), meaning literally 'that it be fought'.
  2. §2.2pervenerit — Perfect subjunctive in a result (ut) clause. Despite following a historical main verb (usus est), the perfect is used to emphasize the actual occurrence of the result. The adverb prius correlates with quam to mean 'earlier than / before'.
  3. §2.5abalienaret — Subjunctive in a clause introduced by the causal conjunction quod, expressing a virtual oblique clause (the reason as asserted by Agesilaus). This contrasts with the latter part se autem... confirmare, which returns to the accusative with infinitive construction directly dependent on dicebat.

Cite this passage

Cornelius Nepos, Agesilaus §2.1-2.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0588.abo017.humanitext-lat2:2.1-2.5

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