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Cornelius Nepos · Epaminondas §8.1-8.5

Witty Defense at Trial and Honorable Acquittal

Passage 8 of 10 · Latin

Summary

After returning home, Epaminondas took all the blame for his colleagues and, during his trial, sarcastically proposed an epitaph listing his great achievements, which moved the judges to laughter and allowed him to leave the capital trial with the highest glory.

§8.1Postquam domum reditum est, collegae eius hoc crimine accusabantur.
After they returned home, his colleagues were accused on this charge.
quibus ille permisit, ut omnem causam in se transferrent suaque opera factum contenderent, ut legi non oboedirent.
He permitted them to transfer all the blame to himself, and to contend that it was through his agency that they had not obeyed the law.
qua defensioue illis periculo liberatis nemo Epaminondam responsurum putabat, quod quid diceret non haberet.
When they had been freed from danger by this defense, no one thought that Epaminondas would make a reply, because he would have nothing to say.
§8.2at ille in iudicium venit, nihil eorum negavit, quae adversarii crimini dabant, omniaque, quae collegae dixerant, confessus est neque recusavit quominus legis poenam subiret, sed unum ab iis petivit, ut in sepulcro suo inscriberent: §8.3'Epaminondas a Thebanis morte multatus est, quod eos coegit apud Leuctra superare Lacedaemonios, quos ante se imperatorem nemo Boeotorum ausus sit aspicere in acie, §8.4quodque uno proelio non solum Thebas ab interitu retraxit, sed etiam universam Graeciam in libertatem vindicavit eoque res utrorumque perduxit, ut Thebani Spartam oppugnarent, Lacedaemonii satis haberent, si salvi esse possent, neque prius bellare destitit, quam Messene restituta urbem eorum obsidione clausit. '
But he came into court, denied none of the things that his adversaries charged him with, and confessed all that his colleagues had said, nor did he refuse to undergo the penalty of the law; but he made one request of them, that they should write upon his tomb: 'Epaminondas was punished with death by the Thebans, because he compelled them to defeat the Lacedaemonians at Leuctra, whom, before he was commander, no one of the Boeotians dared to look upon in the field of battle, and because in a single battle he not only rescued Thebes from destruction, but also vindicated the liberty of all Greece, and brought the affairs of both sides to such a pass that the Thebans attacked Sparta, while the Lacedaemonians were content if they could escape in safety; nor did he cease to make war until, having restored Messene, he shut up their city with a siege.' When he had said this, laughter arose from all with great amusement, nor did any judge dare to cast a vote against him.
§8.5haec cum dixisset, risus omnium cum hilaritate coortus est, neque quisquam iudex ausus est de eo ferre suffragium. sic a iudicio capitis maxima discessit gloria.
Thus he departed from a trial for his life with the greatest glory.

Notes

  1. 8.1suaque opera factum contenderent, ut legi non oboedirent — suaque opera is an ablative phrase meaning 'by his (Epaminondas') agency'. factum [esse] is an accusative with infinitive construction functioning as the object of contenderent, with ut legi non oboedirent as its subject clause (or result clause), meaning 'they asserted that it was brought about by his agency that they did not obey the law.'
  2. 8.1quod quid diceret non haberet — quod introduces a subordinate clause of reason. non haberet is in the imperfect subjunctive. quid diceret is an indirect question (or a deliberative subjunctive 'what he should say') acting as the object of haberet, meaning 'because he would have nothing to say (by way of defense).'
  3. 8.2neque recusavit quominus legis poenam subiret — A construction of quominus with the subjunctive (subiret) following a verb of refusing with a negative (neque recusavit), meaning 'nor did he refuse to undergo the penalty of the law.'
  4. 8.3ante se imperatorem — se is a reflexive pronoun referring to the subject of the main clause (Epaminondas). ante se imperatorem is a temporal expression formed by a noun phrase, meaning 'before he was commander' or 'prior to him being general.'
  5. 8.4neque prius bellare destitit, quam Messene restituta urbem eorum obsidione clausit — A correlative construction of neque prius ... quam ('he did not cease... until', or 'only after... did he cease'). Messene restituta is an ablative absolute ('Messene having been restored'). urbem eorum ('their city', i.e., Sparta) is the object of clausit.

Cite this passage

Cornelius Nepos, Epaminondas §8.1-8.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0588.abo015.humanitext-lat2:8.1-8.5

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