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Cornelius Nepos · Lysander §3.1-3.5

Failed Bribery of Oracles and Posthumous Exposure

Passage 3 of 4 · Latin

Summary

Lysander attempts to bribe various oracles in order to abolish the Spartan kingship but fails and is accused by the African priests. Although acquitted in court, he dies in battle, and a speech draft found after his death exposes his conspiracy.

§3.1Itaque ii decemviralem potestatem ab illo constitutam sustulerunt.
Therefore, they abolished the decemviral power established by him.
quo dolore incensus iniit consilia reges Lacedaemoniorum tollere.
Incensed by this resentment, he entered into plans to remove the kings of the Lacedaemonians.
sed sentiebat id se sine ope deorum facere non posse, quod Lacedaemonii omnia ad oracula referre consuerant. §3.2primum Delphicum corrumpere est conatus.
But he felt that he could not do this without the help of the gods, because the Lacedaemonians were accustomed to refer everything to the oracles. First, he attempted to corrupt the Delphic oracle.
cum id non potuisset, Dodonaeum adortus est.
When he could not achieve this, he made an attempt on the Dodonaean.
hinc quoque repulsus dixit se vota suscepisse, quae Iovi Hammoni solveret, existimans se Afros facilius corrupturum. §3.3hac spe cum profectus esset in Africam, multum eum antistites Iovis fefellerunt.
Repulsed from here as well, he said that he had taken vows which he had to pay to Jupiter Ammon, thinking that he would corrupt the Africans more easily. When he had set out for Africa with this hope, the priests of Jupiter greatly disappointed him.
nam non solum corrumpi non potuerunt, sed etiam legatos Lacedaemonem miserunt, qui Lysandrum accusarent, quod sacerdotes fani corrumpere conatus esset. §3.4accusatus hoc crimine iudicumque absolutus sententiis, Orchomeniis missus subsidio occisus est a Thebanis apud Haliartum. §3.5quam vere de eo secus foret iudicatum, oratio indicio fuit, quae post mortem in domo eius reperta est, in qua suadet Lacedaemoniis, ut regia potestate dissoluta ex omnibus dux deligatur ad bellum gerendum, sed sic scripta, ut deum videretur congruere sententiae, quam ille se habiturum pecunia fidens non dubitarat.
For they not only could not be corrupted, but even sent envoys to Lacedaemon to accuse Lysander of having attempted to corrupt the priests of the temple. Having been accused on this charge and acquitted by the votes of the judges, he was sent as a reinforcement to the Orchomenians and was killed by the Thebans near Haliartus. How truly otherwise judgment had been passed concerning him, was proved by an oration which was found after his death in his house, in which he advises the Lacedaemonians that, the royal power being abolished, a leader should be chosen from all for conducting the war; but it was written in such a way that it might seem to agree with the opinion of the gods, which he, relying on his money, had not doubted that he would obtain.
hanc ei scripsisse Cleon Halicarnasius dicitur.
Cleon of Halicarnassus is said to have written this for him.

Notes

  1. §3.1ii — Expressed only by the pronoun, but in context it refers to 'the Lacedaemonians' (Lacedaemonii), who abolished the decemviral power.
  2. §3.5quam vere de eo secus foret iudicatum — An indirect question clause. 'secus foret iudicatum' (judgment had been passed otherwise than was true) indicates that the verdict of the trial in which he was acquitted (absolutus) was far from the truth (i.e., he was actually guilty). 'foret' is an alternative form of the imperfect subjunctive 'esset'.
  3. §3.5deum — A contracted form of the genitive plural 'deorum' from the noun 'deus' (god), modifying 'sententiae'. It means 'the decision (oracular response) of the gods.'
  4. §3.5quam ille se habiturum pecunia fidens non dubitarat — 'quam' is a relative pronoun whose antecedent is 'sententiae' (the opinion of the gods). 'habiturum' is an infinitive with 'esse' omitted ('habiturum esse', that he would obtain), forming an accusative and infinitive construction as the object of 'dubitarat' (had not doubted), with its subject being 'se' (himself). 'pecunia' is an ablative of means modifying the participle 'fidens' (relying on).

Cite this passage

Cornelius Nepos, Lysander §3.1-3.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0588.abo006.humanitext-lat2:3.1-3.5

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