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Cornelius Nepos · Pausanias §1.1-1.4

Victory at Plataea and the Tripod at Delphi

Passage 1 of 5 · Latin

Summary

The general character of the Spartan leader Pausanias is introduced, focusing on his great victory over the Persian commander Mardonius at Plataea, and his subsequent censure by the Spartans for arrogating all the credit to himself on a dedicated golden tripod at Delphi.

§1.1Pausanias Lacedaemonius magnus homo, sed varius in omni genere vitae fuit: nam ut virtutibus eluxit, sic vitiis est obrutus.
Pausanias the Lacedaemonian was a great man, but fickle in every aspect of life; for as he shone in virtues, so was he overwhelmed by vices.
§1.2huius illustrissimum est proelium apud Plataeas.
His most illustrious achievement is the battle at Plataea.
namque illo duce Mardonius, satrapes regius, natione Medus, regis gener, in primis omnium Persarum et manu fortis et consilii plenus, cum ducentis milibus peditum, quos viritim legerat, et viginti equitum haud ita magna manu Graeciae fugatus est, eoque ipse dux cecidit proelio.
For under his leadership Mardonius, a royal satrap, a Mede by nation, the king's son-in-law, chief among all Persians both brave in hand and full of counsel, with two hundred thousand infantry, whom he had chosen man by man, and twenty thousand cavalry, was put to flight by a not so large force of Greece, and in that battle the leader himself fell.
§1.3qua victoria elatus plurima miscere coepit et maiora concupiscere.
Elated by this victory, he began to disturb many things and to desire greater things.
sed primum in eo est reprehensus, quod ex praeda tripodem aureum Delphis posuisset epigrammate inscripto, in quo haec erat sententia: suo ductu barbaros apud Plataeas esse deletos eiusque victoriae ergo Apollini id donum dedisse.
But first in this he was censured, because from the booty he had placed a golden tripod at Delphi with an inscription engraved, in which this was the meaning: that under his own leadership the barbarians had been destroyed at Plataea, and on account of that victory he had given this gift to Apollo.
§1.4hos versus Lacedaemonii exsculpserunt neque aliud scripserunt quam nomina earum civitatum, quarum auxilio Persae erant victi.
The Lacedaemonians erased these verses and wrote nothing else than the names of those states by whose help the Persians had been conquered.

Notes

  1. §1.2illo duce — Ablative absolute. The noun duce with the pronominal adjective illo (referring to Pausanias) expresses 'under his leadership' or 'when he was leader.'
  2. §1.2viginti equitum — The numeral viginti implies milibus (understood from the preceding ducentis milibus), modifying equitum, meaning 'twenty thousand cavalry.'
  3. §1.3quod... posuisset — The verb posuisset in the quod-clause is in the subjunctive mood because it represents the subjective reason alleged by his accusers (the Lacedaemonians), a subjunctive of reported reason.
  4. §1.3suo ductu... esse deletos... dedisse — Accusative with infinitive clauses in indirect discourse (oratio obliqua) depending on haec erat sententia. The reflexive pronoun suo refers to Pausanias, who was the self-proclaimed author of the inscription.
  5. §1.4neque aliud... quam — The correlative construction neque aliud ... quam ('not other ... than') functions as 'nothing other than' or 'only.'

Cite this passage

Cornelius Nepos, Pausanias §1.1-1.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0588.abo004.humanitext-lat2:1.1-1.4

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