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Cornelius Nepos · Themistocles §8.1-8.7

Ostracism of Themistocles and Flight to Asia

Passage 8 of 10 · Latin

Summary

Themistocles is ostracized and flees to Argos, but being accused of conspiring with the Persian king, he wanders through various places and eventually escapes to Ephesus with the help of a shipmaster after surviving a storm.

§8.1Tamen non effugit civium suorum invidiam.
Yet he did not escape the envy of his fellow-citizens.
namque ob eundem timorem, quo damnatus erat Miltiades, testularum suffragiis e civitate eiectus Argos habitatum concessit.
For, owing to the same fear by which Miltiades had been condemned, he was banished from the state by the votes of shards and withdrew to Argos to live.
§8.2hic cum propter multas virtutes magna cum dignitate viveret, Lacedaemonii legatos Athenas miserunt, qui eum absentem accusarent, quod societatem cum rege Perse ad Graeciam opprimendam fecisset.
Here, while he was living with great dignity on account of his many virtues, the Lacedaemonians sent ambassadors to Athens to accuse him in his absence of having made an alliance with the Persian king to crush Greece.
§8.3hoc crimine absens damnatus est.
On this charge he was condemned in his absence.
id ut audivit, quod non satis tutum se Argis videbat, Corcyram demigravit.
When he heard of this, because he saw that he was not safe enough at Argos, he removed to Corcyra.
ibi cum eius principes insulae animadvertisset timere, ne propter se bellum iis Lacedaemonii et Athenienses indicerent, ad Admetum, Molossum regem, cum quo ei hospitium non erat, confugit.
There, when he noticed that the leading men of the island were afraid lest on his account the Lacedaemonians and Athenians should declare war against them, he fled to Admetus, king of the Molossians, with whom he had no relation of guest-friendship.
§8.4huc cum venisset et in praesentia rex abesset, quo maiore religione se receptum tueretur, filium eius parvulum arripuit et cum eo se in sacrarium, quod summa colebatur caerimonia, coniecit.
When he had come hither and the king was absent at the time, in order that he might be protected with greater religious obligation once received, he snatched up the king's little son and cast himself with him into the shrine, which was worshiped with the greatest solemnity.
inde non prius egressus est, quam rex eum data dextra in fidem reciperet, quam praestitit.
He did not come out from there until the king, giving his right hand, received him into his protection, which promise he performed.
§8.5nam cum ab Atheniensibus et Lacedaemoniis exposceretur publice, supplicem non prodidit monuitque ut consuleret sibi: difficile enim esse in tam propinquo loco tuto eum versari.
For when he was publicly demanded by the Athenians and Lacedaemonians, the king did not betray the suppliant, and advised him to consult for his own safety, saying that it was difficult for him to live safely in a place so near.
itaque Pydnam eum deduci iussit et quod satis esset praesidii dedit.
Therefore he ordered him to be conducted to Pydna and gave him as much of a guard as was sufficient.
§8.6hic in navem omnibus ignotus nautis escendit.
Here he went on board a ship, unknown to all the sailors.
quae cum tempestate maxima Naxum ferretur, ubi tum Atheniensium erat exercitus, sensit Themistocles, si eo pervenisset, sibi esse pereundum.
When this ship was carried by a violent storm toward Naxos, where the army of the Athenians then was, Themistocles realized that if he arrived there, he must perish.
hac necessitate coactus domino navis, quis sit, aperit, multa pollicens, si se conservasset.
Forced by this necessity, he disclosed to the master of the ship who he was, promising many things if he should preserve him.
§8.7at ille clarissimi viri captus misericordia diem noctemque procul ab insula in salo navem tenuit in ancoris neque quemquam ex ea exire passus est.
But he, moved by pity for so illustrious a man, kept the ship at anchor in the open sea far from the island day and night, and did not suffer anyone to go out of it.
inde Ephesum pervenit ibique Themistoclem exponit. cui ille pro meritis postea gratiam rettulit.
From there he arrived at Ephesus, and there he landed Themistocles, to whom the latter afterwards returned thanks according to his services.

Notes

  1. §8.1habitatum — Supine of purpose (accusative form of the verbal noun, depending on the intransitive verb concessit to mean 'to live' or 'to dwell').
  2. §8.4quo maiore religione se receptum tueretur — quo is a conjunction introducing a purpose clause containing a comparative (maiore), synonymous with ut. se receptum means 'himself once received' (the participle receptum modifying the pronoun se).
  3. §8.5quod satis esset praesidii — quod is a neuter pronoun used substantively as the subject of the relative clause. praesidii is a partitive genitive depending on it ('of protection/guard'). The verb esset is in the subjunctive because it is a relative clause of characteristic/limitation ('such as would be sufficient').
  4. §8.6sibi esse pereundum — An impersonal passive periphrastic conjugation consisting of the gerundive (pereundum) and esse, expressing necessity ('he must perish'). The dative sibi functions as the dative of agent, denoting the person on whom the necessity rests.

Cite this passage

Cornelius Nepos, Themistocles §8.1-8.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0588.abo002.humanitext-lat2:8.1-8.7

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