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Julius Caesar · Gallic War §8.8.1-8.8.5

Marching Formation to Entice the Enemy into Battle

Passage 357 of 404 · Latin

Summary

Caesar, in response to the enemy's prudent plans, arranges his marching order to make his force appear smaller, hoping to entice them into battle.

§8.8.1Quae Caesar consentientibus pluribus cum cognosset atque ea quae proponerentur consilia plena prudentiae longeque a temeritate barbarorum remota esse iudicaret, omnibus rebus inserviendum statuit, quo celerius hostis contempta sua paucitate prodiret in aciem.
When Caesar had learned these things from the agreement of many informants, and judged that the plans which were proposed were full of prudence and far removed from the rashness of barbarians, he decided that he must employ every means, so that the enemy, despising his small numbers, might more quickly come out into line of battle.
§8.8.2Singularis enim virtutis veterrimas legiones VII, VIII, VIIII habebat, summae spei delectaeque iuventutis XI, quae octavo iam stipendio tamen in collatione reliquarum nondum eandem vetustatis ac virtutis ceperat opinionem.
For he had the seventh, eighth, and ninth legions, veterans of singular valor, and the eleventh, consisting of chosen youth of the highest promise, which, though now in its eighth year of service, had not yet, in comparison with the rest, acquired the same reputation for long service and valor.
§8.8.3Itaque consilio advocato, rebus eis quae ad se essent delatae omnibus expositis animos multitudinis confirmat.
Therefore, having called a council and explained all those matters which had been reported to him, he encouraged the minds of the multitude.
§8.8.4Si forte hostes trium legionum numero posset elicere ad dimicandum, agminis ordinem ita constituit, ut legio septima, octava, nona ante omnia irent impedimenta, deinde omnium impedimentorum agmen, quod tamen erat mediocre, ut in expeditionibus esse consuevit, cogeret undecima, ne maioris multitudinis species accidere hostibus posset quam ipsi depoposcissent.
In the hope that he might perhaps entice the enemy to fight by the appearance of only three legions, he arranged the order of march in such a way that the seventh, eighth, and ninth legions should go before all the baggage, and then the eleventh legion should bring up the rear of the entire baggage train, which was nevertheless of moderate size, as was customary on expeditions, lest a larger force should appear to the enemy than they themselves had desired to encounter.
§8.8.5Hac ratione paene quadrato agmine instructo in conspectum hostium celerius opinione eorum exercitum adducit.
Having drawn up his army in this manner, almost in a square formation, he led it into the sight of the enemy more quickly than they had expected.

Notes

  1. §8.8.1consentientibus pluribus — Ablative absolute. "pluribus" refers to many informants, indicating that the testimonies of several captives or scouts agreed with one another.
  2. §8.8.1quo celerius — The conjunction "quo" (= "ut eo") is used to introduce a purpose clause containing a comparative ("celerius").
  3. §8.8.2singularis virtutis — Genitive of quality (description) modifying "legiones". Likewise, the subsequent "summae spei delectaeque iuventutis" is a genitive of quality modifying the omitted "legionem XI".
  4. §8.8.4cogeret — The verb "cogo" is used in the military sense of "agmen cogere" (to bring up the rear, close the line of march), here with "undecima" (legio) as its subject.
  5. §8.8.5celerius opinione — Ablative of comparison. "celerius opinione" means "more quickly than expected (opinion)". "eorum" (their, i.e., the enemy's) modifies "opinione".

Cite this passage

Julius Caesar, Gallic War §8.8.1-8.8.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0448.phi001.humanitext-lat2:8.8.1-8.8.5

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