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Julius Caesar · Gallic War §5.3.1-5.3.7

Strife among the Treveri and the Chiefs' Submission

Passage 159 of 404 · Latin

Summary

As Caesar enters the territory of the Treveri, who boast a powerful cavalry, Cingetorix submits to him, while his rival Indutiomarus prepares for resistance but is forced to send envoys of submission after being abandoned by key nobles.

§5.3.1Haec civitas longe plurimum totius Galliae equitatu valet magnasque habet copias peditum Rhenumque, ut supra demonstravimus, tangit.
This state is by far the most powerful of all Gaul in cavalry, and has great forces of infantry, and, as we have demonstrated above, touches the Rhine.
§5.3.2In ea civitate duo de principatu inter se contendebant, Indutiomarus et Cingetorix; §5.3.3e quibus alter, simul atque de Caesaris legionumque adventu cognitum est, ad eum venit, se suosque omnes in officio futuros neque ab amicitia populi Romani defecturos confirmavit quaeque in Treveris gererentur ostendit.
In that state two were contending with each other for the sovereignty, Indutiomarus and Cingetorix; of whom one, as soon as the arrival of Caesar and his legions was known, came to him, assured him that he and all his party would remain in their allegiance and not desert the friendship of the Roman people, and showed what was being done among the Treveri.
§5.3.4At Indutiomarus equitatum peditatumque cogere, eisque qui per aetatem in armis esse non poterant in silvam Arduennam abditis, quae ingenti magnitudine per medios fines Treverorum a flumine Rheno ad initium Remorum pertinet, bellum parare instituit.
But Indutiomarus began to collect cavalry and infantry, and, having concealed those who on account of their age could not be in arms in the forest of Arduenna, which is of immense size and extends through the middle of the territories of the Treveri from the river Rhine to the beginning of the Remi, resolved to prepare for war.
§5.3.5Sed posteaquam nonnulli principes ex ea civitate et familiaritate Cingetorigis adducti et adventu nostri exercitus perterriti ad Caesarem venerunt et de suis privatim rebus ab eo petere coeperunt, quoniam civitati consulere non possent, veritus ne ab omnibus desereretur Indutiomarus legatos ad Caesarem mittit: §5.3.6sese idcirco ab suis discedere atque ad eum venire noluisse, quo facilius civitatem in officio contineret, ne omnis nobilitatis discessu plebs propter imprudentiam laberetur: §5.3.7itaque esse civitatem in sua potestate, seseque, si Caesar permitteret, ad eum in castra venturum, suas civitatisque fortunas eius fidei permissurum.
But after several of the leading men of that state, both induced by their friendship for Cingetorix and terrified by the arrival of our army, came to Caesar and began to entreat him privately concerning their own affairs, since they could not provide for the state, Indutiomarus, fearing that he would be deserted by all, sends deputies to Caesar: stating that he had been unwilling on that account to depart from his people and come to him, in order that he might more easily keep the state in its allegiance, lest, by the departure of all the nobility, the common people should fall away through lack of judgment: that therefore the state was in his power, and, if Caesar would permit, he would come to him in his camp, and commit his own fortunes and those of the state to his protection.

Notes

  1. 5.3.1equitatu — An ablative of specification (respect), modifying the verb phrase `plurimum valet` and meaning "in respect of cavalry."
  2. 5.3.3e quibus alter — The partitive relative clause `e quibus` indicates selection from the two rivals (`duo`). `alter` ("one of whom") refers to Cingetorix, as shown by his cooperative behavior described in the passage.
  3. 5.3.4cogere — Although it could be interpreted as a historical infinitive, it is smoother to take it, like the subsequent `parare`, as an infinitive depending on the main verb `instituit` ("resolved to collect... and to prepare...").
  4. 5.3.6sese idcirco ab suis discedere atque ad eum venire noluisse — An accusative with infinitive construction in indirect discourse (Oratio Obliqua), introduced by the idea of speaking implied in the verb `mittit` (sends deputies [to say...]). The subject accusative `sese` refers to Indutiomarus.

Cite this passage

Julius Caesar, Gallic War §5.3.1-5.3.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0448.phi001.humanitext-lat2:5.3.1-5.3.7

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