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Julius Caesar · Gallic War §2.33.1-2.33.7

The Atuatuci Failed Night Sally and Sale into Slavery

Passage 87 of 404 · Latin

Summary

After the gates were closed at night by Caesar's order, the enemy launched a sudden sally based on a prearranged plan, but were repulsed after a fierce battle. On the following day, Caesar entered the town and sold all the booty.

§2.33.1Sub vesperum Caesar portas claudi militesque ex oppido exire iussit, ne quam noctu oppidani a militibus iniuriam acciperent.
Toward evening, Caesar ordered the gates to be closed and the soldiers to leave the town, lest the townspeople should receive any injury from the soldiers during the night.
§2.33.2Illi ante inito, ut intellectum est, consilio, quod deditione facta nostros praesidia deducturos aut denique indiligentius servaturos crediderant, partim cum iis quae retinuerant et celaverant armis, partim scutis ex cortice factis aut viminibus intextis, quae subito, ut temporis exiguitas postulabat, pellibus induxerant, tertia vigilia, qua minime arduus ad nostras munitiones ascensus videbatur, omnibus copiis repente ex oppido eruptionem fecerunt.
They, having formed a plan beforehand, as was afterwards understood—because they had believed that, once the surrender was made, our men would withdraw the outposts or at least guard them more carelessly—partly with those arms which they had retained and concealed, partly with shields made of bark or woven of osiers, which they had suddenly covered with skins as the shortness of time required, at the third watch, where the ascent to our fortifications seemed least steep, suddenly made a sally from the town with all their forces.
§2.33.3Celeriter, ut ante Caesar imperaverat, ignibus significatione facta, ex proximis castellis eo concursum est, §2.33.4pugnatumque ab hostibus ita acriter est ut a viris fortibus in extrema spe salutis iniquo loco contra eos qui ex vallo turribusque tela iacerent pugnari debuit, cum in una virtute omnis spes consisteret.
Quickly, as Caesar had previously commanded, a signal having been given by fires, there was a rush thither from the nearest redoubts, and the enemy fought so fiercely as brave men ought to have fought in the extreme hope of safety in an unfavorable position against those who threw missiles from the rampart and towers, since all hope rested on courage alone.
§2.33.5Occisis ad hominum milibus IIII reliqui in oppidum reiecti sunt.
About four thousand men having been slain, the rest were driven back into the town.
§2.33.6Postridie eius diei refractis portis, cum iam defenderet nemo, atque intromissis militibus nostris, sectionem eius oppidi universa Caesar vendidit.
On the following day, the gates having been broken open when there was now no one defending, and our soldiers having been admitted, Caesar sold the entire booty of that town in one lot.
§2.33.7Ab iis qui emerant capitum numerus ad eum relatus est milium LIII.
By those who had purchased it, the number of heads reported to him was fifty-three thousand.

Notes

  1. §2.33.2ante inito... consilio — The phrase inito consilio is an ablative absolute consisting of the perfect passive participle initus (from inire, 'to enter into, form') and consilium ('plan'). The adverb ante modifies inito, meaning 'a plan having been formed beforehand'.
  2. §2.33.2quae... pellibus induxerant — A construction of induco where quae (neuter plural accusative, referring back to scuta) is the direct object and pellibus (ablative) represents the instrument or covering material, meaning 'which they had covered with skins'. This follows the pattern of inducere aliquid aliqua re ('to cover something with something').
  3. §2.33.2qua — A relative adverb meaning 'where' or 'by which route', referring to an implied location or path. It defines the path of the following noun ascensus ('ascent, approach').
  4. §2.33.3concursum est — The impersonal passive of the intransitive verb concurro ('to run together, rush'). It translates as 'there was a rush' or 'people rushed', where the agents (the Roman soldiers) are understood from the context. The forms pugnatum... est and pugnari debuit in §2.33.4 are also impersonal passives.
  5. §2.33.5ad hominum milibus IIII — The word ad here is not a preposition but an adverb meaning 'about' or 'approximately'. Thus, it does not govern the accusative case, allowing the noun phrase to remain in the ablative absolute construction (occisis... milibus).

Cite this passage

Julius Caesar, Gallic War §2.33.1-2.33.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0448.phi001.humanitext-lat2:2.33.1-2.33.7

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