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Julius Caesar · Gallic War §2.27.1-2.27.5

Reversal of Fortune and the Fierce Resistance of the Nervii

Passage 81 of 404 · Latin

Summary

With the arrival of the tenth legion, the Romans reversed their disadvantage, with even their horsemen and camp-followers fighting bravely. The Nervii in turn displayed extraordinary courage by fighting from atop the piles of their own dead, though the Romans' greatness of mind ultimately overcame these extreme difficulties.

§2.27.1Horum adventu tanta rerum commutatio est facta ut nostri, etiam qui vulneribus confecti procubuissent, scutis innixi proelium redintegrarent, calones perterritos hostes conspicati etiam inermes armatis occurrerent, §2.27.2equites vero, ut turpitudinem fugae virtute delerent, omnibus in locis pugnae se legionariis militibus praeferrent.
By their arrival, so great a change in affairs was made that our soldiers, even those who had fallen down exhausted by wounds, leaning on their shields, renewed the battle, and the camp-followers, seeing that the enemy were terrified, even unarmed ran to meet the armed foe, and the horsemen indeed, in order to wipe out the disgrace of their flight by courage, in all parts of the battle strove to surpass the legionary soldiers.
§2.27.3At hostes, etiam in extrema spe salutis, tantam virtutem praestiterunt ut, cum primi eorum cecidissent, proximi iacentibus insisterent atque ex eorum corporibus pugnarent, §2.27.4his deiectis et coacervatis cadaveribus qui superessent ut ex tumulo tela in nostros coicerent et pila intercepta remitterent: §2.27.5ut non nequiquam tantae virtutis homines iudicari deberet ausos esse transire latissimum flumen, ascendere altissimas ripas, subire iniquissimum locum; quae facilia ex difficillimis animi magnitudo redegerat.
But the enemy, even in the last hope of safety, displayed such great courage that, when their foremost had fallen, those next to them stood upon the fallen and fought from their bodies, and when these were overthrown and the corpses piled up, those who survived flung their weapons at our men as if from a mound, and threw back the intercepted javelins; so that it ought to be judged that men of such great courage had not in vain dared to cross a very wide river, to ascend very high banks, and to enter a most disadvantageous place; things which their greatness of mind had rendered easy from being most difficult.

Notes

  1. §2.27.2se legionariis militibus praeferrent — The phrase 'se praeferre' with the dative means 'to put oneself before, to strive to surpass'. Here it describes the horsemen (equites) trying to distinguish themselves or advance ahead of the legionary soldiers (legionariis militibus) in order to wipe out their previous disgrace.
  2. §2.27.4ut ex tumulo — Here 'ut' is not a conjunction introducing a consecutive clause, but an adverb expressing comparison ('as if', 'just as'). It likens the piled-up corpses (cadaveribus coacervatis) to a mound (tumulus).
  3. §2.27.5iudicari deberet — An impersonal construction where the entire infinitive clause starting with 'ausos esse...' ('that they had dared...') functions as the logical subject of 'deberet' with the passive infinitive 'iudicari'. It means 'it ought to be judged that they had dared...'.
  4. §2.27.5quae facilia ex difficillimis animi magnitudo redegerat — The relative pronoun 'quae' (neuter plural accusative) has as its antecedent the entire preceding actions expressed by the infinitive phrases (crossing the river, ascending the banks, entering the disadvantageous place). 'Redigere' takes a double accusative, meaning 'to render/make A (quae) B (facilia)'. 'Ex difficillimis' expresses the transition 'from being most difficult'.

Cite this passage

Julius Caesar, Gallic War §2.27.1-2.27.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0448.phi001.humanitext-lat2:2.27.1-2.27.5

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