Humanitext Reader

Plautus · Amphitruo §214-279

Sosia Rehearses the Victory Report in a Long Night

Passage 4 of 19 · Latin

Summary

Sosia rehearses his account of Amphitryon's victory and the surrender of the Teleboans. Mercury prepares to play a trick on him, and both observe that the night has been unnaturally prolonged.

§214respondent bello se et suos tutari posse, proinde uti §215propere irent, de suis finibus exercitus deducerent.
They answer that they can protect themselves and their own by war, therefore they should go quickly and withdraw their armies from their territory.
§216haec ubi legati pertulere, Amphitruo castris ilico §217producit omnem exercitum.
When the envoys brought back these words, Amphitryon immediately led out his whole army from the camp.
Teloboae contra ex oppido §218legiones educunt suas nimis pulcris armis praeditas.
The Teleboans, on their part, lead out from the town their legions, equipped with very beautiful armor.
§219póstquam utrimque éxitum est máxima cópia, §220dispertiti viri, dispertiti ordines, §221nos nostras more nostro et modo instruximus §222légiones, item hóstes contra légiones suas ínstruont.
After they had marched out on both sides with the greatest force, the men being distributed and the ranks distributed, we drew up our legions in our own manner and fashion, and likewise the enemy on their part draw up their legions.
§223deínde utrique ímperatóres in medium éxeunt, §224éxtra turbam órdinum cólloquontúr simul.
Then both generals advance into the middle, and converse together outside the crowd of the ranks.
§225convenit, victi utri sint eo proelio, §226urbem agrum aras focos seque uti dederent.
It was agreed that whichever side should be conquered in that battle should surrender their city, territory, altars, hearths, and themselves.
§227postquam id actum est, tubae contra utrimque occanunt, §228consonat terra, clamorem utrimque efferunt.
After this was done, the trumpets sound on both sides in opposition, the earth resounds, they raise a shout on both sides.
§229imperator utrimque, hinc et illinc, Iovi §230vota suscipere, utrimque hortari exercitum.
The generals on both sides, on this part and on that, make vows to Jupiter, and on both sides encourage their army.
§231tum pro se quisque id quod quisque potest et valet §232edit, ferro ferit, tela frangunt, boat §233caélum fremitú virum, ex spíritu atque anhélitu §234nébula constát, cadunt vólnerum ví viri.
Then each one for his own part displays what he can and is able to do; they strike with the sword, they break weapons; the heaven bellows with the roar of men, a cloud is formed from their breath and gasping, men fall by the violence of their wounds.
§235denique, ut voluimus, nostra superat manus: §236hostes crebri cadunt, nostri contra ingruont §237ví feroces.
At last, as we wished, our band prevails; the enemy fall in numbers, our men on the contrary press on, fierce in their strength.
§238sed †fugam in se tamen nemo convortitur §239nec recedit loco quin statim rem gerat; §240animam omittunt prius quam loco demigrent: §241quisque ut steterat iacet optinetque ordinem.
But yet no one turns himself to flight, nor retreats from his post so as not to carry on the fight on the spot; they yield up their breath before they will move from their post: as each one had stood, so he lies, and keeps his rank.
§242hóc ubi Amphítruo erus cónspicatust, §243ílico equités iubet déxtera indúcere.
When my master Amphitryon observed this, he immediately orders the cavalry to charge from the right.
§244equites parent citi: ab dextera maximo §245cúm clamore involant ímpetu alacri, §246foédant et próterunt hóstium cópias §247iúre iniustas.
The cavalry obey quickly: from the right, with a very great shout, they fly in with eager onset, and justly lay low and trample down the forces of the enemy, who were in the wrong.
§248Numquam étiam quicquam adhúc verborum est prólocutus pérperam: §249namque ego fui illi in re praesenti et meus, cum pugnatum est, pater. §250Perduelles penetrant se in fugam; ibi nostris animus additust: §251vortentibus Telobois telis complebantur corpora, §252ipsusque Amphitruo regem Pterelam sua obtruncavit manu.
(MERCURY) "He has not yet spoken a single word incorrectly: for I was present at the scene, and so was my father, when the battle was fought." "The enemy betake themselves to flight; then courage was added to our men: as the Teleboans turned, their bodies were filled with weapons, and Amphitryon himself slew King Pterelas with his own hand.
§253haec illic est pugnata pugna úsque a mani ad vesperum §254(hoc adeo hoc commemini magis, quia illo die inpransus fui), §255sed proelium id tandem diremit nox interventu suo.
This battle was fought there from morning even until evening (this indeed I remember all the more because on that day I was without my lunch), but night at last broke off the battle by its intervention.
§256postridie in castra ex urbe ad nos veniunt flentes principes: §257velatis manibus orant ignoscamus peccatum suom, §258deduntque se, divina humanaque omnia, urbem et liberos §259in dicionem atque in arbitratum cuncti Thebano poplo.
On the next day, the leading men come to us in the camp from the city, weeping: with veiled hands they pray that we pardon their transgression, and they surrender themselves, all things divine and human, their city and their children, into the dominion and judgment of the whole Theban people.
§260post ob virtutem ero Amphitruoni patera donata aurea est, §261qui Pterela potitare solitus est rex.
Afterwards, on account of his valor, a golden goblet was presented to my master Amphitryon, from which King Pterelas was accustomed to drink.
haec sic dicam erae.
These things I will tell my mistress in this way.
§262nunc pergam eri imperium exequi et me domum capessere. §263Áttat, illic húc iturust. íbo ego illi óbviam,
Now I will proceed to execute my master's command and betake myself home." (MERCURY) "Aha! He is about to come this way.
§264neque ego huc hominem hodie ad aedis has sinam umquam accedere; §265quando imago est huius in me, certum est hominem eludere.
I will go to meet him, nor will I ever allow this fellow to approach this house today; since his likeness is in me, I am determined to make sport of the fellow.
§266et enim vero quoniam formam cépi huius ín med et statum, §267decet et facta moresque huius habere me similes item.
For indeed, since I have taken his form and appearance upon me, it is fitting that I should also have actions and manners similar to his.
§268itaque me malum esse oportet, callidum, astutum admodum §269atque hunc, telo suo sibi, malitia a foribus pellere.
Therefore I must be rogue, cunning, and very crafty, and drive him from the door with his own weapon, by trickery.
§270sed quid illúc est? caelum aspectat.
But what is that there? He is looking at the sky.
observabo quam rem agat. §271Certe edepol, si quicquamst aliud quod credam aut certo sciam, §272credo ego hac noctu Nocturnum óbdormivisse ebrium.
I will watch what he is doing." (SOSIA) "Certainly, by Pollux, if there is anything else that I believe or know for certain, I believe that Nocturnus has fallen asleep tonight, drunk.
§273nam neque se Septentriones quoquam in caelo commovent, §274neque se Luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel, §275nec Iugulae neque Vesperugo neque Vergiliae óccidunt.
For neither do the Septentriones move themselves anywhere in the sky, nor does the Moon change her place at all since she first arose, nor do the Iugulae, nor Vesperugo, nor the Vergiliae set.
§276ita statim stant signa, neque nox quoquam concedit die. §277Perge, Nox, ut occepisti, gere patri morem meo: §278optumo optume optumam operam das, datam pulchre locas. §279Neque ego hac nocte longiorem me vidisse censeo,
Thus the constellations stand stock-still, nor does night give way anywhere to day." (MERCURY) "Go on, Night, as you have begun; comply with my father's wishes: you do the best service in the best manner for the best of fathers, and you employ it beautifully." "Nor do I think that I have ever seen a longer night than this,

Notes

  1. §214proinde uti propere irent, de suis finibus exercitus deducerent — Indirect command in indirect speech. Following the main verb `respondent` (they answer), which functions as a historical present, the secondary sequence of tenses applies, leading to the use of imperfect subjunctives `irent` and `deducerent`. It expresses the command given to the envoys to depart and withdraw their armies.
  2. §230vota suscipere, utrimque hortari — The use of historical infinitives. While the subject `imperator` remains in the nominative, the present infinitives `suscipere` and `hortari` are used to vividly describe ongoing or repetitive actions in the past, functioning similarly to the imperfect indicative.
  3. §239nec recedit loco quin statim rem gerat — The use of the `quin` clause. Introduced by the negative verb phrase `nec recedit` (does not retreat), `quin` with the present subjunctive `gerat` expresses a result or manner, meaning "does not retreat from his post without immediately carrying on the fight" (i.e., "keeps fighting without retreating").
  4. §271si quicquamst aliud quod credam aut certo sciam — Subjunctive in a relative clause of characteristic. The verbs `credam` and `sciam` in the clause introduced by the relative pronoun `quod` are in the present subjunctive, limiting or defining the characteristic of the antecedent `quicquam aliud` ("anything else of such a nature that I believe or know for certain").
  5. §278optumo optume optumam operam das — An extreme example of polyptoton (repetition of words from the same root in different inflections) and alliteration, typical of Plautus. `optumo` (for the best [father, Jupiter]: dative), `optume` (in the best manner: adverb), and `optumam` (the best: accusative feminine singular) modifying `operam` (service/effort: accusative).

Cite this passage

Plautus, Amphitruo §214-279. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0119.phi001.humanitext-lat2:214-279

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.