Humanitext Reader

Gregory of Nazianzus · The Suffering Christ §1.255-1.336

Warning of Punishment to Judas and Condemnation of His Ingratitude

Passage 5 of 32 · Greek

Summary

A messenger (or angel) warns Judas that while God respects human free will and does not compel wisdom, a deserved punishment awaits. The speaker then passionately condemns Judas's shamelessness, contrasting the immense blessings he received from Jesus with his treacherous betrayal for money.

§1.255καὶ πᾶσι συνδράσασιν οὐ σμικροὶ πόνοι.
And for all who joined in the deed, no small troubles.
§1.256Αἴσθοιτο δ’ αὐτῶν δῆμος ὑβριστὴς ἅπας §1.257ἤτοι θανόντες ἢ φάος δεδορκότες, §1.258οὓς νᾶμα πυρὸς αὖθις ὑποδέξεται.
And may the whole insolent people perceive them, whether having died or beholding the light, whom the stream of fire will receive hereafter.
§1.259Ὀρθῶς λέλεκται μῦθος ἀψευδὴς ὅδε, §1.260ἄκου’, Ἰούδα, σῶν κακῶν κατάστασιν.
Rightly has this true tale been spoken: "Hear, Judas, the state of your evils.
§1.261Καίτοι προκόψω γ’ οὐδὲν ἢ σκῆψιν μόνην· §1.262οὐ γὰρ Θεὸς σε σωφρονεῖν ἀναγκάσει· §1.263ἐν τῇ προαιρέσει δὲ καὶ γνώμῃ βροτῶν §1.264τὸ σωφρονεῖν ἔνεστιν εἰς τὰ πάντ’ ἀεί. “ §1.265Ταῦτ’ εἶπεν οὐκ οἶδ’ ἄγγελός τις ἢ βροτὸς §1.266πρὸς αὐτὸν, ὡς εἴρηκα, τὸν λογοπράτην.
Yet I shall advance nothing, except a mere excuse; for God will not force you to be wise; and in the choice and will of mortals being wise is inherent forever and always." These things were spoken by, I know not, some angel or mortal to him, as I have said, the seller of the Word.
§1.267Ὠ γαῖα μῆτερ ἡλίου τ’ ἀναπτυχαί·
O mother earth, and unfoldings of the sun!
§1.268οἵων λόγων ἄρρητον εἰσήκουσ’ ὄπα·
What words, what unspeakable voice have I heard!
§1.269Τάχ’ ἐξ ὀπαδοῦ δρᾶμα, Παῖ, κατηρτύθη, §1.270ὃν πολλάκις ἔδειξας αἰνιγμῷ φίλοις· §1.271οὐ γίρ σ’ ἔλαθε, τῶνδ’ ὃς αἴτιος κακῶν.
"O Child, soon the drama was prepared by a follower, whom you often pointed out in riddles to your friends; for he did not escape your notice, who is the cause of these evils.
§1.272Ὦ παγκάκιστε, τοῦτο γάρ σ’ εἰπεῖν ἔχω, §1.273σὺ ταῦτ’ ἔδρασας, σὸν προδοὺς εὐεργέτην· §1.274σὰ ταῦτα, δαῖμον·
O most evil one, for this I have to say to you: you did these things, betraying your benefactor; these are your deeds, demon!
τίς γὰρ ἂν ἄλλος ποτὲ §1.275ἔδρασεν ἢ’βούλευσε δυσμενὴς ἀνήρ;
For who else would ever have done or planned them as a hostile man?
§1.276Ὄλοιθ’ ὁ δράσας·
May the doer perish!
ἡ δίκη δ’ ἐπίσταται, §1.277αἰσχρός τε μύστης ἀξίαν τίσει δίκην.
But Justice knows, and the shameful initiate will pay the deserved penalty.
§1.278Ἀργυραμοιβὲ, ποῦ συνῄδη σῷ δόλῳ;
O money-changer, where was I complicit in your guile?
§1.279̓Αρ’ εἰσέτι ζῇς δεινὰ ταῦτ’ εἰργασμένος §1.280οὐδ’ ὑπὸ γῆς τάρταρα σὸν κρύπτεις δέμας;
Do you still live, having done these terrible things, and do not hide your body in the Tartarus beneath the earth?
§1.281Δεῖ γὰρ τανῦν ἢ γῆς σε κρυβῆναι κάτω §1.282ἢ πυρὸς ἐν ῥιπαῖσιν αἰθέρος θανεῖν.
For now you must either be hidden beneath the earth, or die in the blasts of fire of the upper air.
§1.283Ὦ μῖσος, ὦ μέγιστον, ἔχθιστον κακόν·
O hatred, O greatest, most hateful evil!
§1.284τὴν Δεσπότην προδοῦσαν ἐξαυδῶ κάραν,) §1.285ἔτλης προσελθεῖν ὡς φίλος Διδασκάλῳ· §1.286ἦλθες πρὸς αὐτὸν, ἦλθες ἔχθιστος γεγὼς §1.287καὶ Πατρὶ καὐτῷ παντί τ’ ἀνθρώπων γένει.
(I speak aloud to the head that betrayed the Master) you dared to approach the Teacher as a friend; you came to Him, you came having become most hateful both to the Father and to Him and to all the race of men.
§1.288Πῶς πῶς προσεῖπας, πῶς κατησπάσω προδούς;
How, how did you address Him, how did you kiss Him while betraying?
§1.289Γλώσσῃ προσηύδας, καρδίᾳ μίασμ’ ἔχων.
You spoke with your tongue, having pollution in your heart.
§1.290Καὶ ταῦτα δράσας ἥλιόν τε προσβλέπειν §1.291καὶ γαῖαν, ὦ κάκιστε, τολμᾷς εἰσέτι;
And having done these things, to look upon the sun and the earth, O most evil one, do you still dare?
§1.292Ταῦτ’ οὔτι θάρσους ἐστὶν οὐδ’ εὐτολμίας §1.293εὐεργέτην προδόντα τολμᾶν προσβλέπειν, §1.294ἀλλ’ ἡ μεγίστη τῶν ἐν ἀνθρώποις νόσων §1.295πασῶν, ἀναίδει’.
These things are by no means a sign of courage or true daring, that one who betrayed his benefactor should dare to look him in the face, but the greatest of all sicknesses among men, shamelessness.
Εὖ δ’ ἐπεμνήσθην σέθεν, §1.296καίτοι πρὸς οὐδὲν κέρδος, αἰσχύνην δέ σου, §1.297καὶ μὴ παρόντος, κἂν θάνῃς, κἂν φῶς βλέπῃς· §1.298ἐγώ τε γὰρ λέξασα κουφισθήσομαι §1.299ψυχὴν τἀληθῆ, σύ τε κοὐ κλύων μάθῃς· §1.300μάθῃς γὰρ εὑρὼν τὴν κατ’ ἀξίαν τίσιν.
Well have I made mention of you, though for no gain, but for your shame, even in your absence, whether you are dead or behold the light; for I, having spoken, shall be relieved in my soul of the truth, and you, even without hearing, will learn; for you will learn by finding your deserved retribution.
§1.301Ἐκ τῶν δὲ πρώτων πρῶτον ἄρξομαι λέγειν.
And from the first things, first I shall begin to speak.
§1.302Ἄκου’, Ἰούδα, τὰ πρὸς αὐτοῦ καλά σοι· §1.303Εἵλκυσεν ἐκ σκότους σε τῆς ἀγνωσίας, §1.304ἔσωσέ σ’, ὑπέδειξε φῶς σωτηρίας, §1.305δέδωκέ σοι χάρισμα πολλῶν θαυμάτων, §1.306μύσταις ἔφησε καὶ σὲ συνεδριάσαι §1.307κρῖναί τε φυλὰς Ἰσραὴλ παντὸς γένους.
Hear, Judas, the good things done to you by Him: He drew you out of the darkness of ignorance, He saved you, He pointed out the light of salvation, He gave you the gift of many wonders, He said that you too should sit with the initiates and judge the tribes of the whole race of Israel.
§1.308Ἔθηκεν ἀργύρια πάντα χερσί σου, §1.309ἔκοψε σου πρόφασιν ἀναργυρίας.
He placed all the silver in your hands, He cut away your excuse of lack of money.
§1.310Ἔκλεπτες ἀεὶ, μὴ δόκει λεληθέναι, §1.311ὅδ’, ἅτε πανάγαθος, οὐκ ἤλεγχε σε §1.312λόγοισιν, οὐδὲ πρὸς σέθεν κακούμενος, §1.313εἰδώς σε σαφῶς καὶ πρὸ τῆς τολμηρίας, §1.314ἔνιψε καὶ σοὺς δυσμενεστάτους πόδας §1.315ἄρτου τρύφος τ’ ἔδωκε μυστικωτάτου.
You were always stealing, do not think you went unnoticed, this man, as He is all-good, did not refute you with words, nor, though treated ill by you, knowing you clearly even before your audacious deed, He washed even your most hostile feet, and gave you a piece of the most mystical bread.
§1.316Καὶ ταῦθ’ ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ, παγκάκιστ’ ἀνδρῶν, παθὼν §1.317προύδωκας αὐτὸν, δῶρα δ’ ἐκτήσω φόνου §1.318πολλῶν προσόντων.
And having experienced these things from Him, O most evil of men, you betrayed Him, and acquired the gifts of murder, though having many possessions.
Εἰ γὰρ ἦσθ’ ἀνάργυρος, §1.319λαβὴν ἂν εἶχες τῶνδ’ ἐρασθῆναι τάχα, §1.320νῦν δ’ οὐκ ἔχεις πρόφασιν, οὐκ ἔχεις λόγον §1.321χείλη διᾶραι καὶ κατειπεῖν αἰτίαν.
For if you had been without money, you might perhaps have had a pretext for desiring these things, but now you have no excuse, you have no word to open your lips and state a cause.
§1.322Οὐ γὰρ τοσοῦτον σὺ δυνήσῃ πώποτε, §1.323οὐδ’ εἰ γένος πᾶν δαιμόνων σοι συνδράμῃ §1.324καὶ γῆν ἅπασαν ῥημάτων πλήσει κακῶν, §1.325ἐπεί μιν ἐσθλὸν ἐπίσταται κτίσις, §1.326καὶ πάντες ἐγνώρισαν ἐκ τῶν πραγμάτων.
For you will never be able to do so much, not even if the whole race of demons joins you and fills the whole earth with evil words, since creation knows Him to be good, and all recognized it from the facts.
§1.327Ἀλλ’ ἦγξεν ἀγχόνη σε φιλαργυρίας, §1.328ἣ ῥίζα πάντων τῶν κακῶν πέφυκέ πως, §1.329φρούδη δὲ πίστις, ἣ πρὶν ἀπόλωλε σοι.
But the noose of the love of money strangled you, which is somehow by nature the root of all evils, and faith is gone, which had perished for you before.
§1.330τοιόσδε φανεὶς φῶς ὁρᾶν τολμᾷς, τάλα;
Appearing as such a one, do you dare to look at the light, wretched man?
§1.331ἢ τὸν πρὶν οὐκ ἄρχειν Θεὸν δοκεῖς ἔτι §1.332ἢ ζυγὰ δίκης ἐν κενοῖς κεῖσθαι τανῦν;
Or do you think that God no longer rules as before, or that the scales of justice lie empty now?
§1.333Ὦ κακὸν ἔρνος, οὔποτ᾿ ῥίζης βροτῶν, §1.334πικρῶν δὲ ῥιζῶν φημί σ’ ἐκπεφυκέναι, §1.335ἀλάστορος μὲν πρῶτον, εἶτα δὲ φθόνου, §1.336φθόνου πότμου θ’, ὅσα τε γῆ τρέφει κακά·
O evil sprout, never from the root of mortals, but from bitter roots, I say, you have sprung, first of the avenging demon, and then of envy, of envy and doom, and whatever evils the earth nurtures.

Notes

  1. 1.256Αἴσθοιτο ... θανόντες ἢ φάος δεδορκότες — The singular subject δῆμος is associated with plural participles θανόντες and δεδορκότες. This is an instance of "agreement according to sense" (constructio ad sensum), where the grammatical singular refers to the multitude of individuals.
  2. 1.261προκόψω γ’ οὐδὲν ἢ σκῆψιν μόνην — The particle ἤ is used here not as a comparative "than" but with the negative οὐδέν to express exclusion or exception ("nothing except..."), similar to the usage of ἀλλ' ἤ or πλὴν ἤ.
  3. 1.284τὴν Δεσπότην προδοῦσαν ἐξαυδῶ κάραν — The word κάραν (head, used as a feminine noun here) serves as a metonymy for the person. The feminine participle προδοῦσαν agrees with κάραν, while the masculine noun Δεσπότην (master) acts as the direct object of the participle.
  4. 1.298λέξασα κουφισθήσομαι ψυχὴν τἀληθῆ — The noun ψυχὴν is an accusative of respect ("in respect to my soul" or "in my soul"). The phrase τἀληθῆ (the truth) serves as the direct object of the active participle λέξασα (having spoken).
  5. 1.318Εἰ γὰρ ἦσθ’ ἀνάργυρος, λαβὴν ἂν εἶχες — A counterfactual conditional construction referring to a continuous state in the past, formed by εἰ with an imperfect indicative (ἦσθα, second-person singular of εἰμί) in the protasis, and ἄν with an imperfect indicative (εἶχες) in the apodosis.

Cite this passage

Gregory of Nazianzus, The Suffering Christ §1.255-1.336. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg2022.tlg003.humanitext-grc1:1.255-1.336

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