Humanitext Reader

Gregory of Nazianzus · The Suffering Christ §1.2356-1.2437

Report of the Resurrection to Mary and the Empty Tomb

Passage 30 of 32 · Greek

Summary

After the debate between the priests and the guards, a messenger arrives to inform Mary of the resurrection. Mary praises the divine power of her Son and recalls how the disciples, led by Peter and John, ran to the empty tomb.

§1.2356Οὐκ οἶδα τοὺς σοὺς οὓς νεκροῦ φῶρας λέγεις, §1.2357οὐκ οἶδ᾿· ὕποπτόν ἐστιν, ὕποπτόν γ’
I do not know those of yours whom you call thieves of the dead body; I do not know; it is suspicious, indeed suspicious.
§1.2358Πῶς γὰρ ἂν οἱ φεύγοντες ἔκλεψαν νέκυν, §1.2359ὃν ζῶντα κατέλιπον ἐν πολλῷ φόβῳ;
For how would those who were fleeing have stolen the corpse, whom, when alive, they abandoned in great fear?
§1.2360Οὔτ’ οὐν φάλαγξ ὕπνωσεν ὕπνον ἐς τόσον §1.2361καὶ τῆς φυλακῆς τοῦ τάφου κατεφρόνει, §1.2362οὔθ’ οἵδε γ’ ἐξήμαρτον ἀτόλμῳ θράσει, §1.2363οὓς κατασεῖσαι καὶ θεραπαίνης ὄπα §1.2364ἔκλυον, ὥς μιν ἀπανήνασθαι φόβῳ.
Therefore, neither did the phalanx sleep such a deep sleep and neglect the guard of the tomb, nor did these indeed err with a spiritless daring, whom they heard that even a maidservant's voice dismayed, so that he denied him in fear.
§1.2365Ο πάνθ’ ἑδραῖος, νῦν κλονῇ τῇ καρδία §1.2366καὶ ταῦτα κλύων πάνθ’ ὑποπτεύεις μάτην.
O you who are entirely steadfast, now you are shaken in your heart, and hearing all these things, you suspect in vain.
§1.2367Εἴθ’ ἦσθ’ ἀνὴρ πρόβουλος, ὡς δράσαι χερί· §1.2368ἀλλ’ οὐ γὰρ αὐτὸς πάντα δύνασθαι βροτῶν §1.2369πέφυκεν, ἄλλῳ δ’ ἄλλο δίδοται γέρας, §1.2370σοὶ μὲν μάχεσθαι, τοῖσδε δ’ αὖ κρύπτ’ εἰδέναι· §1.2371ὃς νῦν πυρὸς λαμπτῆρας ἐξήρθης κλύων §1.2372κλέψαι τ’ ἀπιστεῖς τοὺς ὀπαδοὺς τὸν πλάνον.
Would that you were a prudent man, so as to act with your hand; but indeed, no mortal is born to be able to do all things by himself, but to one and to another a different privilege is given, to you indeed to fight, and to these in turn to know secret things; you who now have been aroused, hearing of lamps of fire, and disbelieve that the followers stole the deceiver.
§1.2373Ἁπλοῦς ἐπ’ ἐχθροῖς μῦθος ὁπλίζειν χέρα.
A simple speech against enemies is to arm the hand.
§1.2374Στράτον σὺ κλέψας κἀμὲ πειρᾷ συστρέφειν.
You, having suborned the army, attempt to entangle me also.
§1.2375Σὺ πάντ’ ἔδρασας· καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ σὺ σκόπει.
You did everything; and you consider the rest.
§1.2376Σὺ γοῦν νόμιζε ταῦτ’, ἐπείπερ σοι δοκεῖ, §1.2377πράττειν ἔχοντι καὶ λέγειν μέγα σθένος.
You at any rate think these things, since it seems good to you, since you have great power to act and to speak.
§1.2378Τοιαῦτα μαθὼν ἀνόμων τολμήματα, §1.2379τὴν νεχρέγερσιν κατορυσσόντων δόλῳ, §1.2380ἔδραμον, ὦ δέσποινα, νῦν σοι μηνῦσαι.
Having learned such daring deeds of the lawless, who by deceit bury the resurrection of the dead, I ran, O mistress, now to inform you.
§1.2381Μὴ γοῦν ἀπίστει· πάντ’ ἀληθῶς γὰρ κλύεις, §1.2382καὶ πᾶσαν οἶμαι τὴν πόλιν φάμαν φέρειν.
Do not disbelieve, then; for you hear everything truly, and I think the whole city carries the rumor.
§1.2383κουστωδίας γάρ τινες ἐκφέρουσι που §1.2384καὶ θαῦμα κηρύττουσιν ἐν μυστηρίοις· §1.2385ἥξουσί σοι πολλοὶ δὲ, καὶ τὸ πᾶν μάθῃς· §1.2386θᾶττον γὰρ αὐτὸς ἄγγελος μηνυμάτων §1.2387ἔδραμον ἐλθεῖν γηθοσύνῃ καρδίας §1.2388καί σοι κομίσαι χάρμα καὶ θυμηδίαν.
For some of the guard are spreading it somewhere, and proclaim the wonder in mysteries; and many will come to you, and you will learn the whole; for I myself, as a messenger of the tidings, ran to come more quickly with gladness of heart and to bring you joy and delight.
§1.2389Εἰς καιρὸν ἥκεις, καὶ χάρις σοι κείσεται· §1.2390εἰς καιρὸν ἥκεις, καίπερ ἀγγέλων ἄτην §1.2391αὐτῶν γε μᾶλλον ἀνόμων πρεσβυτέρων, §1.2392ψευδῆ τε καὶ μάταιά τ’ ἐννοουμένων.
You have come in good time, and favor will be laid up for you; you have come in good time, although [bringing news of] the delusion of the messengers, or rather of the lawless elders themselves, who think false and vain things.
§1.2393Πῶς γὰρ ἂν εἶρξε τάφος ἢ σφραγὶς λίθου §1.2394ἢ φυλάκων φάλαγξ τις ἀλήπτου Λόγου §1.2395εἰς συγγένειαν Πατρός ἀμειφθὲν δέμας;
For how would a tomb, or the seal of a stone, or any phalanx of guards have confined the body of the ungraspable Word, changed into kinship with the Father?
§1.2396ὃ καὶ πρὶν ὦπτο βαῖνον ὑγρὰν ὡς πέδον, §1.2397τὸν αὐτόριζον, αὐτοπλάστην Δεσπότην §1.2398φέρον φέροντα τὸν φέροντα πᾶν κράτει, §1.2399ὃς κλεῖθρα παρθένια μηδαμῶς λύσας §1.2400ἐξῆλθεν, ἀνέτειλεν ἐνθέω σθένει· §1.2401οὐ γὰρ κορείης ἅμμα διέλυσε πως.
which even before was seen walking upon the wet as upon dry ground, carrying the self-rooted, self-shaping Lord, carrying him who carries all things by his power, who, by no means loosing the virgin locks, came forth, and arose with divine power; for he did not in any way dissolve the bond of virginity.
§1.2402Ἔτικτον αὐτὸν, οἶδα δ’, ὡς ἐγεινάμην.
I gave birth to him, and I know how I brought him forth.
§1.2403Η φυλάκων φάλαγξ δὲ πῶς ἂν ᾔσθετο §1.2404τὴν ἐξέγερσιν τοῦ λαθόντος ἀγγέλους;
And how would the phalanx of guards have perceived the resurrection of him who escaped even the angels?
§1.2405πῶς ἐκ βροτείων αἱμάτων πλάττει δέμας;
how does he shape a body from mortal blood?
§1.2406πῶς σὰρξ πέφηνεν ὢν ἄσαρκος πρὶν Λόγος;
how did the Word, being previously fleshless, appear as flesh?
§1.2407πῶς καὶ μένων ὅλος δὲ Πατρὶ πρὸς πόλον, §1.2408ὅλος τε παντὶ πρός τ’ ἐμὴν ἦν γαστέρα;
how, while remaining entirely with the Father in heaven, was he also entirely present to all things and in my womb?
§1.2409Ταῦτ’ ἐφρύαξαν ἱερεῖς μάτην φθόνῳ.
The priests raged against these things in vain out of envy.
§1.2410Ἡμεῖς δὲ, φίλαι, νῦν δράμωμεν πρὸς τάφον, §1.2411στείχωμεν ὡς τάχιστα πρὸς τύμβον πάλιν· §1.2412πάντ’ ἐξακριβώσωμεν ἀσφαλῶς ἔτι §1.2413καὶ πάντα δηλώσωμεν, ὡς ἔχει, φίλοις· §1.2414αὐτοί τε συνδραμόντες ὄψονται μάλα.
But let us, O friends, now run to the tomb, let us go as quickly as possible to the tomb again; let us verify everything securely still, and let us make everything clear, as it is, to our friends; and they themselves, running together, will see indeed.
§1.2415Καὶ μὴν ὁ Πέτρος σὺν Ἰωάννῃ φίλῳ, §1.2416θᾶττον δραμόντες πρὸς τάφον ζωηφόρον §1.2417καὶ πάντ’ ἀκριβώσαντες, εἶπον τοῖς φίλοις, §1.2418ὡς Μαγδάλ’ εἶπε Μαρία πιστουμένη, §1.2419πρώτη δραμοῦσα, πάντ’ ἀπριβωσαμένη §1.2420καὶ τὴν κένωσιν μηνύσασα τοῦ τάφου.
And behold, Peter with his friend John, running more quickly to the life-giving tomb and verifying everything, told their friends, as Mary Magdalene said, confirming it, having run first, having verified everything, and having reported the emptying of the tomb.
§1.2421Ναὶ ναὶ πρὸ πασῶν ἥδ’ ἔδραμεν ἐς τάφον, §1.2422ἐγώ τε ταύτῃ ξυνέδραμον αὐτίκα, §1.2423καὶ τὴν κένωσιν εἴδομεν πρὶν τοῦ τάφου, §1.2424ἄρσιν τ’ ἔδοξε τήνδε νεκροῦ φιλτάτου §1.2425καὶ πρὸς τόπον σώματος ἄλλον που θέσιν.
Yes, yes, before all others she ran to the tomb, and I ran together with her immediately, and we saw beforehand the emptying of the tomb, and this lifting up of the most beloved corpse seemed [to be], and the placing of the body in some other place.
§1.2426Ἀλλ’ εὐθέως ἔγνωμεν, ὡς τὸ πρᾶγμ’ ἔχει, §1.2427καὶ τοῦτο μύσταις Μαρία δραμοῦσ’ ἔφη· §1.2428Πέτρος δ’ ἀναστὰς ἔδραμε πρὸς τὸν τάφον, §1.2429ξυνέδραμ’ αὐτίκα τε μύστης παρθένος §1.2430εἶδόν θ’, ἅτιν’ εἴρηκε Μαρία σφισιν.
But immediately we knew how the matter stands, and Mary, running, spoke of this to the disciples; and Peter, rising, ran to the tomb, and immediately the virgin disciple ran with him; and they saw what things Mary had told them.
§1.2431Αὖ δ’ ἄμμες ἐλθεῖν κατόπιν γ’ ἐδράμομεν.
And we in turn ran to come behind them.
§1.2432Ἐγγὺς δ’ ὅμως πάρεστιν ἥδ̓ ἡ Μαγδάλα, §1.2433φήσειέ τ’ αὐτὴ πᾶν ὅραμα δρᾶμα τε.
But nevertheless, this Magdalene is present nearby, and she herself would tell of every vision and deed.
§1.2434Τί φὴς, κόρη δέσποινα, χάρμα τοῦ γένους;
What do you say, lady maiden, joy of our race?
§1.2435Ἅττα προϊδεῖν καὶ προειπεῖν τοῖς φίλοις §1.2436εἴρηκας αὐτὴ, ταῦτ’ ἀπαγγέλλω κόραις.
What things you yourself said to foresee and foretell to the friends, these things I report to the maidens.
§1.2437Οὕτως ἔχει, δέσποινα, καθάπερ λέγεις.
It is so, O mistress, just as you say.

Notes

  1. 1.2363οὓς κατασεῖσαι καὶ θεραπαίνης ὄπα ἔκλυον — `ἔκλυον` can be parsed as either "I heard" or "they heard". Here it means "whom they [the priests] heard to have been dismayed (`κατασεῖσαι`, infinitive) even by the voice of a maidservant (`θεραπαίνης ὄπα`)". It refers to Peter's denial of Christ out of fear of a maidservant (`ὥς μιν ἀπανήνασθαι φόβῳ`).
  2. 1.2370σοὶ μὲν μάχεσθαι, τοῖσδε δ’ αὖ κρύπτ’ εἰδέναι — Syntactically, the infinitives `μάχεσθαι` and `εἰδέναι` act as subjects with the datives of reference `σοὶ` and `τοῖσδε`. An impersonal verb of suitability or a passive verb like `δέδοται` ("it is given") is implied.
  3. 1.2394ἀλήπτου Λόγου / εἰς συγγένειαν Πατρός ἀμειφθὲν δέμας — `δέμας` (body, neuter singular nominative) is the subject of the verb `εἶρξε` in the main clause. `ἀλήπτου Λόγου` is the genitive modifier of `δέμας` ("the body of the ungraspable Word"). The neuter participle `ἀμειφθὲν` agrees with `δέμας` and takes the prepositional phrase `εἰς συγγένειαν Πατρός`.
  4. 1.2398φέρον φέροντα τὸν φέροντα πᾶν κράτει — A theological wordplay with multiple participles: the neuter nominative participle `φέρον` agrees with the preceding `δέμας` (Christ's body), taking as its object the masculine accusative `φέροντα` ("the one being carried", referring to Christ the Lord). This is in turn explained by `τὸν φέροντα πᾶν κράτει` ("him who bears all things by his power").

Cite this passage

Gregory of Nazianzus, The Suffering Christ §1.2356-1.2437. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg2022.tlg003.humanitext-grc1:1.2356-1.2437

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