§25## κε΄.
## 25.
Ἐν τοῖς κοίλοις ἐνόπτροις ἐὰν ἐπὶ τῆς περιφερείας θῇς τὸ ὄμμα ἢ ἔξω τῆς περιφερείας, οὐ φαίνεται τὸ ὄμμα.
In concave mirrors, if you place the eye on the circumference or outside the circumference, the eye does not appear.
ἔστω κοῖλον ἔνοπτρον τὸ ΑΓΒ, καὶ τὸ ὄμμα κείσθω ἐπὶ τῆς περιφερείας αὐτοῦ τὸ Β, ὄψεις δὲ προσπιπτέτωσαν αἱ ΒΑ, ΒΓ καὶ ἀνακεκλάσθωσαν.
Let the concave mirror be AGB, and let the eye B be placed on its circumference, and let the visual rays BA, BG fall on it and be reflected.
οὐκοῦν μείζων ἐστὶν ἡ μὲν ΜΘ γωνία τῆς Κ, ἡ δὲ ΕΛ τῆς Ζ. ὥστε οὐκ ἀνακλασθήσονται αἱ ΒΑ, ΒΓ ὄψεις ἐπὶ τὸ Β ὄμμα.
Therefore, angle MTh is greater than K, and EL than Z. So the visual rays BA, BG will not be reflected to the eye B.
εἰς τὸ ὄμμα δὲ εἰ ἀνεκλῶντο, ἴσαι ἂν αἱ γωνίαι πρὸς τοῖς Α, Γ ἐγίγνοντο.
For if they were reflected to the eye, the angles at A, G would have been equal.
δειχθήσεται δέ, κἂν ἐκτὸς τῆς περιφερείας γένηται τὸ ὄμμα, τὰ αὐτὰ συμβαίνοντα, τουτέστι τὸ μὴ ὁρᾶσθαι τὸ ὄμμα διὰ τὸ τὰς ἀνακλάσεις μὴ γενέσθαι ἐπʼ αὐτό.
And it will be shown that, even if the eye is outside the circumference, the same things happen, namely that the eye is not seen because the reflections do not occur to it.
§26## κϚ΄.
## 26.
Ἐν τοῖς κοίλοις ἐνόπτροις ἐὰν ἐκβαλὼν διάμετρον τῆς σφαίρας ἐκ τοῦ κέντρου πρὸς ὀρθὰς ἀναγάγῃς καὶ εἰς τὸ ἕτερον μέρος θῇς τὸ ὄμμα, οὐδὲν τῶν ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ μέρει, ἐν τὸ ὄμμα ἐστίν, ὀφθήσεται, τουτέστιν οὔτε τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς διαμέτρου οὔτε τῶν ἐκτὸς τῆς διαμέτρου.
In concave mirrors, if, having drawn a diameter of the sphere, you erect a perpendicular from the center, and place the eye in the other part, nothing of those in the same part in which the eye is will be seen, that is, neither of those on the diameter nor of those outside the diameter.
ἔστω κοῖλον ἔνοπτρον τὸ ΑΓ∠, διάμετρος δὲ ἔστω τῆς σφαίρας ἡ Α∠, καὶ τῇ Α∠ πρὸς ὀρθὰς ἀνεστάτω ἀπὸ τοῦ κέντρου τοῦ Ζ ἡ ΖΓ, ὄμμα δὲ ἔστω τὸ Β, ὄψις δὲ ἡ ΒΕ. οὐκοῦν ἡ ΒΕ ἀνακλωμένη οὐχ ἥξει οὔτε ἐπὶ τὸ Β οὔτε ἐπὶ τὸ Ζ· ἐν γὰρ ἴσαις γωνίαις ἀνακλᾶται.
Let the concave mirror be AGD, and let a diameter of the sphere be AD, and let ZG be erected perpendicular to AD from the center Z, and let the eye be B, and the visual ray BE. Therefore, the reflected BE will come neither to B nor to Z; for it is reflected at equal angles.
ἥξει ἄρα ὡς ἡ ΕΘ. ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ ἐὰν ἐντὸς ἐμπέσῃ τὸ ὄμμα, ὅπου τὸ Θ, ἢ ἐπὶ τῆς διαμέτρου, ὅπου τὸ Μ, ἀνακλώμεναι αἱ ὄψεις αἱ ΘΚ, ΜΝ ἥξουσιν ὡς αἱ ΚΛ, ΝΞ. οὐκ ἄρα ὁρᾶται οὐδὲν τῶν ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ μέρει, ὅπου ἐστὶ τὸ ὄμμα, οὔτε τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς διαμέτρου οὔτε τῶν ἐκτὸς τῆς διαμέτρου.
Therefore, it will come as ETh. And similarly also if the eye falls inside, where Th is, or on the diameter, where M is, the reflected visual rays ThK, MN will come as KL, NX. Therefore, nothing of those in the same part where the eye is is seen, neither of those on the diameter nor of those outside the diameter.
§27## κζ΄.
## 27.
Ἐν τοῖς κοίλοις ἐνόπτροις ἐὰν ἐπὶ τῆς διαμέτρου τεθῇ τὰ ὄμματα ἴσον ἀπέχοντα τοῦ κέντρου, οὐδέτερον τῶν ὀμμάτων ὀφθήσεται.
In concave mirrors, if the eyes are placed on the diameter at equal distances from the center, neither of the eyes will be seen.
ἔστω κοῖλον ἔνοπτρον τὸ ΑΓ∠, διάμετρος δὲ ἡ Α∠, κέντρον δὲ τὸ Ζ, πρὸς ὀρθὰς δὲ ἡ ΖΓ, ὄμματα δὲ τὰ Β, Ε ἴσον ἀπέχοντα τοῦ κέντρου, ὄψις δὲ ἡ ΒΓ. οὐκοῦν ἀνακλωμένη ἥξει ἐπὶ τὸ Ε· ἐν ἴσαις γὰρ γωνίαις ἀνακλᾶται.
Let the concave mirror be AGD, the diameter AD, the center Z, and let ZG be perpendicular to it, and let the eyes B, E be at equal distances from the center, and the visual ray BG. Therefore, being reflected, it will come to E; for it is reflected at equal angles.
ἄλλη δὲ οὐδεμία ἥξει ἀνακλωμένη ἀπὸ τοῦ Β ἐπὶ τὸ Ε. εἰ γὰρ ἥξει ὡς ἡ ΒΘ, ἐπεζεύχθωσαν αἱ ΘΕ, ΘΖ·
But no other visual ray reflected from B will come to E.
δίχα ἄρα τμηθήσεται ἡ ὑπὸ ΒΘΕ ὑπὸ τῆς ΖΘ, καὶ ἀνάλογον ἔσται ὡς ἡ ΒΘ πρὸς ΘΕ, ἡ ΒΖ πρὸς ΖΕ· ὅπερ ἀδύνατον·
For if it comes as BTh, let ThE, ThZ be joined; then the angle BThE will be bisected by ZTh, and it will be as BTh to ThE, so BZ to ZE; which is impossible; for BTh is greater than ThE, and BZ is equal to ZE.
ἡ μὲν γὰρ ΒΘ μείζων ἐστὶ τῆς ΘΕ, ἡ δὲ ΒΖ ἴση τῇ ΖΕ. οὐδεμία ἄρα ἥξει ἀνακλωμένη ἀπὸ τοῦ Β ἐπὶ τὸ Ε. μία ἄρα ὄψις μόνον ἀνακλασθήσεται ἐφʼ ἑκατέρου τῶν Β, Ε ὀμμάτων, καὶ οὐκ ὀφθήσεται τὸ Ε· οὐ γὰρ συμπεσεῖται ἡ ΒΓ ἐκβαλλομένη τῇ Β∠ ἐπὶ τὰ Γ, ∠ μέρη, ἐφαίνετο δὲ ἕκαστον κατὰ τὴν συμβολὴν μόνον τῶν ὁρωμένων· οὐδὲ ἡ ΕΓ οὐ μὴ συμπέσῃ τῇ ΕΑ ἐπὶ τὰ Γ, Α μέρη· ἐν γὰρ τοῖς κοίλοις ἐνόπτροις ἕκαστον τῶν ὁρωμένων κατὰ τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὁρωμένου εἰς τὸ κέντρον τῆς σφαίρας ἀγομένην εὐθεῖαν ὁρᾶται.
Therefore, no other ray reflected from B will come to E. Therefore, only one visual ray will be reflected to each of the eyes B, E, and E will not be seen; for BG, when extended, will not meet BD on the parts G, D, and each of the visible objects appeared only at the intersection of the visual rays; nor will EG ever meet EA on the parts G, A; for in concave mirrors each of the visible objects is seen along the straight line drawn from the visible object to the center of the sphere.