§15## ιε΄.
## 15.
Ἔστι δὲ καὶ διὰ κυρτῶν ἐνόπτρων καὶ διὰ κοίλων ἰδεῖν τὸ αὐτό.
It is also possible to see the same object through convex mirrors and through concave mirrors.
ἔστω γάρ, δεῖ ἰδεῖν, τὸ Α, ὄμμα δὲ τὸ Β, καὶ ὁμοίως ἀναγεγράφθω πολύγωνον ἰσόπλευρόν τε καὶ ἰσογώνιον τὸ ΑΒΓ∠Ε καὶ πρὸς τοῖς Γ, ∠, Ε σημείοις ἔστω ἔνοπτρα ἐπίπεδα, ἀφʼ ὧν ὁρᾶται τὸ Α, καθάπερ δέδεικται, καὶ προσκείσθω τούτοις κοῖλα ἢ κυρτὰ ἒνοπτρα κατὰ τὰς ἁφὰς τῶν ὄψεων.
For let the object to be seen be A, the eye B, and similarly let there be described an equilateral and equiangular polygon ABGDE, and let there be plane mirrors at the points G, D, E, from which A is seen, just as has been shown, and let there be applied to these concave or convex mirrors at the contact points of the visual rays.
οὐκοῦν ἴση ἐστὶν ἡ μὲν Ζ τῇ Θ, ἡ δὲ Κ τῇ Λ ὅλη ἄρα ἡ ΚΖ ἴση ἐστὶ τῇ ΘΛ. ἀνακλασθήσεται ἄρα ἡ ὄψις ἀπὸ τοῦ κυρτοῦ ἐνόπτρου τοῦ Γ ἐπὶ τὸ ∠ καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ∠ ἐπὶ τὸ Ε καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Ε ἐπὶ τὸ Α. φανερὸν οὖν, ὅτι καὶ κυρτῶν ἢ κοίλων ὄντων ἀπάντων καὶ ἀναμεμιγμένων ἔστιν ἰδεῖν τὸ αὐτό.
Therefore, the angle Z is equal to Th, and K is equal to L. Therefore, the whole angle KZ is equal to ThL. Therefore, the visual ray will be reflected from the convex mirror G to D, and from D to E, and from E to A. Therefore, it is clear that even if they are all convex or concave, or mixed together, it is possible to see the same object.
§16## ις΄.
## 16.
Ἐν τοῖς ἐπιπέδοις ἐνόπτροις ἕκαστον τῶν ὁρωμένων κατὰ τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὁρωμένου κάθετον ὁρᾶται.
In plane mirrors, each of the objects seen is seen along the perpendicular drawn from the object.
ἔστω ἔνοπτρον ἐπίπεδον τὸ Γ∠, ὄμμα δὲ τὸ Β, ὁρώμενον δὲ τὸ Α, καὶ ἔστω κάθετος ἡ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὁρωμένου ἐπὶ τὸ ἔνοπτρον ἡ ΑΓ. οὐκοῦν ἐπεὶ ὑπέκειτο ἐν τοῖς φαινομένοις, ὅτι καταληφθέντος τοῦ τόπου τοῦ Γ οὐχ ὁρᾶται τὸ Α, τὸ Α ἄρα ὀφθήσεται ἐπʼ εὐθείας τῇ ΑΓ. ἀλλὰ δὴ καὶ ἐπʼ εὐθείας τῇ Β∠ ὄψει·
Let the plane mirror be GD, the eye B, the object seen A, and let the perpendicular from the object to the mirror be AG. Since, therefore, it was assumed in the phenomena that when the place G is covered A is not seen, A will therefore be seen on a straight line with AG. But indeed, it is also on a straight line with the visual ray BD.
κατὰ τὸ Ε ἄρα·
Therefore, at the point E.
ὑπέκειτο γὰρ ἡμῖν τὸ εὐθύ, οὗ τὸ μέσον τοῖς ἄκροις ἐπιπροσθεῖ· ὥστε εὐθεῖα ἔσται ἡ ΑΕ καὶ ἡ ΒΕ.
For it was assumed by us that the straight line is that of which the middle obstructs the ends; so that AE and BE will be straight lines.
§17## ιζ΄.
## 17.
Ἐν τοῖς κυρτοῖς ἐνόπτροις ἕκαστον τῶν ὁρωμένων κατὰ τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὁρωμένου εἰς τὸ κέντρον τῆς σφαίρας ἀγομένην εὐθεῖαν ὁρᾶται.
In convex mirrors, each of the objects seen is seen along the straight line drawn from the object to the center of the sphere.
ἔστω κυρτὸν ἔνοπτρον τὸ Γ∠, ὄμμα δὲ τὸ Β, ὄψις δὲ ἡ Β∠ ἀνακλωμένη ἐπὶ τὸ Α, καὶ ὁράσθω τὸ Α, κέντρον δὲ τῆς σφαίρας ἔστω τὸ Ζ, καὶ ἐπεζεύχθω ἡ ΑΖ, καὶ ἐκβεβλήσθω ἡ Β∠ ὄψις ἐπὶ τὸ Ε. οὐκοῦν ἐπεὶ ὑπέκειτο ἐν τοῖς φαινομένοις, ὅτι καταληφθέντος τοῦ Γ τὸ Α οὐχ ὁρᾶται, ὀφθήσεται ἄρα ἐπʼ εὐθείας τῇ ΑΓ κατὰ τὴν σύμβασιν τῆς Β∠ ὄψεως καὶ τῆς ΑΓ ἐπὶ τοῦ Ε, καθάπερ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἐπιπέδοις.
Let the convex mirror be GD, the eye B, and the visual ray BD, reflected to the object seen A, and let A be seen. And let the center of the sphere be Z. And let AZ be joined, and let the visual ray BD be extended to E. Since, therefore, it was assumed in the phenomena that when the place G is covered A is not seen, it will therefore be seen on a straight line with AG, at the intersection of the visual ray BD and AG at E, just as in the case of the plane mirrors.
§18## ιη΄.
## 18.
Ἐν τοῖς κοίλοις ἐνόπτροις ἕκαστον τῶν ὁρωμένων κατὰ τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὁρωμένου εἰς τὸ κέντρον τῆς σφαίρας ἀγομένην εὐθεῖαν ὁρᾶται.
In concave mirrors, each of the objects seen is seen along the straight line drawn from the object to the center of the sphere.
ἔστω κοῖλον ἔνοπτρον τὸ Γ∠, ὄψις δὲ ἀνακλωμένη ἡ ΒΓ ἐπὶ τὸ Α ὁρώμενον, τῆς δὲ σφαίρας κέντρον ἔστω τὸ Ε, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Α ἐπὶ τὸ Ε ἐπεζεύχθω εὐθεῖα καὶ ἐκβεβλήσθω.
Let the concave mirror be GD, the visual ray reflected to the object seen A be BG, and let the center of the sphere be E. And let a straight line be joined from A to E and let it be extended.
οὐκοῦν ἐπεὶ ὑπέκειτο ἐν τοῖς φαινομένοις, ὅτι καταληφθέντος τοῦ τόπου τοῦ ∠ τὸ Α οὐχ ὁρᾶται, ὥστε φαίνεται ἐπʼ εὐθείας τῇ ΑΕ, ὀφθήσεται ἄρα κατὰ τὴν συμβολὴν τῆς Α∠ εὐθείας καὶ τῆς ΒΓ ὄψεως κατὰ τὸ Ζ.
Since, therefore, it was assumed in the phenomena that when the place D is covered A is not seen, so that it appears on a straight line with AE, it will therefore be seen at the intersection of the straight line AD and the visual ray BG at Z.