§8.prop.7ἐὰν ὦσιν ὁποσοιοῦν ἀριθμοὶ ἀνάλογον, ὁ δὲ πρῶτος τὸν ἔσχατον μετρῇ, καὶ τὸν δεύτερον μετρήσει.
If there be any number of numbers in proportion, and the first measure the last, it will also measure the second.
ἔστωσαν ὁποσοιοῦν ἀριθμοὶ ἑξῆς ἀνάλογον οἱ Α, Β, Γ, Δ, ὁ δὲ Α τὸν Δ μετρείτω· λέγω, ὅτι καὶ ὁ Α τὸν Β μετρεῖ.
Let there be any number of numbers in continued proportion, Α, Β, Γ, Δ, and let Α measure Δ; I say that Α also measures Β.
εἰ γὰρ οὐ μετρεῖ ὁ Α τὸν Β, οὐδὲ ἄλλος οὐδεὶς οὐδένα μετρήσει· μετρεῖ δὲ ὁ Α τὸν Δ. μετρεῖ ἄρα καὶ ὁ Α τὸν Β· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
For, if Α does not measure Β, neither will any other measure any other; but Α measures Δ. Therefore Α also measures Β; which was to be proved.
§8.prop.8ἐὰν δύο ἀριθμῶν μεταξὺ κατὰ τὸ συνεχὲς ἀνάλογον ἐμπίπτωσιν ἀριθμοί, ὅσοι εἰς αὐτοὺς μεταξὺ κατὰ τὸ συνεχὲς ἀνάλογον ἐμπίπτουσιν ἀριθμοί, τοσοῦτοι καὶ εἰς τοὺς τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον ἔχοντας μεταξὺ κατὰ τὸ συνεχὲς ἀνάλογον ἐμπεσοῦνται.
If between two numbers there fall numbers in continued proportion, as many numbers as fall between them in continued proportion, so many will also fall in continued proportion between those which have the same ratio.
δύο γὰρ ἀριθμῶν τῶν Α, Β μεταξὺ κατὰ τὸ συνεχὲς ἀνάλογον ἐμπιπτέτωσαν ἀριθμοὶ οἱ Γ, Δ, καὶ πεποιήσθω ὡς ὁ Α πρὸς τὸν Β, οὕτως ὁ Ε πρὸς τὸν Ζ· λέγω, ὅτι ὅσοι εἰς τοὺς Α, Β μεταξὺ κατὰ τὸ συνεχὲς ἀνάλογον ἐμπεπτώκασιν ἀριθμοί, τοσοῦτοι καὶ εἰς τοὺς Ε, Ζ μεταξὺ κατὰ τὸ συνεχὲς ἀνάλογον ἐμπεσοῦνται.
For let the numbers Γ, Δ fall between two numbers Α, Β in continued proportion, and let it be made that, as Α is to Β, so is Ε to Ζ; I say that, as many numbers as have fallen between Α, Β in continued proportion, so many will also fall between Ε, Ζ in continued proportion.
ὅσοι γάρ εἰσι τῷ πλήθει οἱ Α, Β, Γ, Δ, τοσοῦτοι εἰλήφθωσαν ἐλάχιστοι ἀριθμοὶ τῶν τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον ἐχόντων τοῖς Α, Γ, Δ, Β οἱ Η, Θ, Κ, Λ· οἱ ἄρα ἄκροι αὐτῶν οἱ Η, Λ πρῶτοι πρὸς ἀλλήλους εἰσίν.
For, as many as Α, Β, Γ, Δ are in multitude, let so many least numbers of those which have the same ratio as Α, Γ, Δ, Β be taken, namely Η, Θ, Κ, Λ; therefore their extremes Η, Λ are prime to one another.
καὶ ἐπεὶ οἱ Α, Γ, Δ, Β τοῖς Η, Θ, Κ, Λ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ εἰσίν, καί ἐστιν ἴσον τὸ πλῆθος τῶν Α, Γ, Δ, Β τῷ πλήθει τῶν Η, Θ, Κ, Λ, διʼ ἴσου ἄρα ἐστὶν ὡς ὁ Α πρὸς τὸν Β, οὕτως ὁ Η πρὸς τὸν Λ. ὡς δὲ ὁ Α πρὸς τὸν Β, οὕτως ὁ Ε πρὸς τὸν Ζ· καὶ ὡς ἄρα ὁ Η πρὸς τὸν Λ, οὕτως ὁ Ε πρὸς τὸν Ζ. οἱ δὲ Η, Λ πρῶτοι, οἱ δὲ πρῶτοι καὶ ἐλάχιστοι, οἱ δὲ ἐλάχιστοι ἀριθμοὶ μετροῦσι τοὺς τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον ἔχοντας ἰσάκις ὅ τε μείζων τὸν μείζονα καὶ ὁ ἐλάσσων τὸν ἐλάσσονα, τουτέστιν ὅ τε ἡγούμενος τὸν ἡγούμενον καὶ ὁ ἑπόμενος τὸν ἑπόμενον.
And since Α, Γ, Δ, Β are in the same ratio as Η, Θ, Κ, Λ, and the multitude of Α, Γ, Δ, Β is equal to the multitude of Η, Θ, Κ, Λ, therefore, ex aequali, as Α is to Β, so is Η to Λ. But as Α is to Β, so is Ε to Ζ; therefore also, as Η is to Λ, so is Ε to Ζ. But Η, Λ are prime, and those which are prime are also least, and the least numbers measure those which have the same ratio the same number of times, the greater the greater and the less the less, that is, the antecedent the antecedent and the consequent the consequent.
ἰσάκις ἄρα ὁ Η τὸν Ε μετρεῖ καὶ ὁ Λ τὸν Ζ. ὁσάκις δὴ ὁ Η τὸν Ε μετρεῖ, τοσαυτάκις καὶ ἑκάτερος τῶν Θ, Κ ἑκάτερον τῶν Μ, Ν μετρείτω· οἱ Η, Θ, Κ, Λ ἄρα τοὺς Ε, Μ, Ν, Ζ ἰσάκις μετροῦσιν.
Therefore Η measures Ε and Λ measures Ζ the same number of times. Now, as many times as Η measures Ε, let each of Θ, Κ measure each of Μ, Ν so many times; therefore Η, Θ, Κ, Λ measure Ε, Μ, Ν, Ζ the same number of times.
οἱ Η, Θ, Κ, Λ ἄρα τοῖς Ε, Μ, Ν, Ζ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ εἰσίν.
Therefore Η, Θ, Κ, Λ are in the same ratio as Ε, Μ, Ν, Ζ.
ἀλλὰ οἱ Η, Θ, Κ, Λ τοῖς Α, Γ, Δ, Β ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ εἰσίν· καὶ οἱ Α, Γ, Δ, Β ἄρα τοῖς Ε, Μ, Ν, Ζ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ εἰσίν.
But Η, Θ, Κ, Λ are in the same ratio as Α, Γ, Δ, Β; therefore Α, Γ, Δ, Β also are in the same ratio as Ε, Μ, Ν, Ζ.
οἱ δὲ Α, Γ, Δ, Β ἑξῆς ἀνάλογόν εἰσιν· καὶ οἱ Ε, Μ, Ν, Ζ ἄρα ἑξῆς ἀνάλογόν εἰσιν.
But Α, Γ, Δ, Β are in continued proportion; therefore Ε, Μ, Ν, Ζ also are in continued proportion.
ὅσοι ἄρα εἰς τοὺς Α, Β μεταξὺ κατὰ τὸ συνεχὲς ἀνάλογον ἐμπεπτώκασιν ἀριθμοί, τοσοῦτοι καὶ εἰς τοὺς Ε, Ζ μεταξὺ κατὰ τὸ συνεχὲς ἀνάλογον ἐμπεπτώκασιν ἀριθμοί· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore, as many numbers as have fallen between Α, Β in continued proportion, so many numbers have also fallen between Ε, Ζ in continued proportion; which was to be proved.