§6.prop.26ἐὰν ἀπὸ παραλληλογράμμου παραλληλόγραμμον ἀφαιρεθῇ ὅμοιόν τε τῷ ὅλῳ καὶ ὁμοίως κείμενον κοινὴν γωνίαν ἔχον αὐτῷ, περὶ τὴν αὐτὴν διάμετρόν ἐστι τῷ ὅλῳ.
If from a parallelogram there be taken away a parallelogram similar to the whole and similarly situated, having a common angle with it, it is about the same diameter with the whole.
ἀπὸ γὰρ παραλληλογράμμου τοῦ ΑΒΓΔ παραλληλόγραμμον ἀφῃρήσθω τὸ ΑΖ ὅμοιον τῷ ΑΒΓΔ καὶ ὁμοίως κείμενον κοινὴν γωνίαν ἔχον αὐτῷ τὴν ὑπὸ ΔΑΒ· λέγω, ὅτι περὶ τὴν αὐτὴν διάμετρόν ἐστι τὸ ΑΒΓΔ τῷ ΑΖ.
μὴ γάρ, ἀλλʼ εἰ δυνατόν, ἔστω διάμετρος ἡ ΑΘΓ, καὶ ἐκβληθεῖσα ἡ ΗΖ διήχθω ἐπὶ τὸ Θ, καὶ ἤχθω διὰ τοῦ Θ ὁποτέρᾳ τῶν ΑΔ, ΒΓ παράλληλος ἡ ΘΚ.
ἐπεὶ οὖν περὶ τὴν αὐτὴν διάμετρόν ἐστι τὸ ΑΒΓΔ τῷ ΚΗ, ἔστιν ἄρα ὡς ἡ ΔΑ πρὸς τὴν ΑΒ, οὕτως ἡ ΗΑ πρὸς τὴν ΑΚ. ἔστι δὲ καὶ διὰ τὴν ὁμοιότητα τῶν ΑΒΓΔ, ΕΗ καὶ ὡς ἡ ΔΑ πρὸς τὴν ΑΒ, οὕτως ἡ ΗΑ πρὸς τὴν ΑΕ·
For from the parallelogram ΑΒΓΔ let there be taken away the parallelogram ΑΖ similar to ΑΒΓΔ and similarly situated, having the common angle ΔΑΒ with it; I say that ΑΒΓΔ is about the same diameter with ΑΖ. For let it not be so, but, if possible, let the diameter be ΑΘΓ, and let ΗΖ be produced and drawn through to Θ, and let ΘΚ be drawn through Θ parallel to either of ΑΔ, ΒΓ. Since then ΑΒΓΔ is about the same diameter with ΚΗ, therefore, as ΔΑ is to ΑΒ, so is ΗΑ to ΑΚ. But also, because of the similarity of ΑΒΓΔ, ΕΗ, as ΔΑ is to ΑΒ, so is ΗΑ to ΑΕ; therefore also, as ΗΑ is to ΑΚ, so is ΗΑ to ΑΕ.
καὶ ὡς ἄρα ἡ ΗΑ πρὸς τὴν ΑΚ, οὕτως ἡ ΗΑ πρὸς τὴν ΑΕ. ἡ ΗΑ ἄρα πρὸς ἑκατέραν τῶν ΑΚ, ΑΕ τὸν αὐτὸν ἔχει λόγον.
Therefore ΗΑ has the same ratio to each of ΑΚ, ΑΕ.
ἴση ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΑΕ τῇ ΑΚ ἡ ἐλάττων τῇ μείζονι· ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἀδύνατον.
Therefore ΑΕ is equal to ΑΚ, the less to the greater; which is impossible.
οὐκ ἄρα οὔκ ἐστι περὶ τὴν αὐτὴν διάμετρον τὸ ΑΒΓΔ τῷ ΑΖ· περὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἄρα ἐστὶ διάμετρον τὸ ΑΒΓΔ παραλληλόγραμμον τῷ ΑΖ παραλληλογράμμῳ.
Therefore ΑΒΓΔ is not not about the same diameter with ΑΖ; therefore the parallelogram ΑΒΓΔ is about the same diameter with the parallelogram ΑΖ.
ἐὰν ἄρα ἀπὸ παραλληλογράμμου παραλληλόγραμμον ἀφαιρεθῇ ὅμοιόν τε τῷ ὅλῳ καὶ ὁμοίως κείμενον κοινὴν γωνίαν ἔχον αὐτῷ, περὶ τὴν αὐτὴν διάμετρόν ἐστι τῷ ὅλῳ· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
If therefore from a parallelogram there be taken away a parallelogram similar to the whole and similarly situated, having a common angle with it, it is about the same diameter with the whole; which was to be proved.
§6.prop.27πάντων τῶν παρὰ τὴν αὐτὴν εὐθεῖαν παραβαλλομένων παραλληλογράμμων καὶ ἐλλειπόντων εἴδεσι παραλληλογράμμοις ὁμοίοις τε καὶ ὁμοίως κειμένοις τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμισείας ἀναγραφομένῳ μέγιστόν ἐστι τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμισείας παραβαλλόμενον ὅμοιον ὂν τῷ ἐλλείμματι.
Of all parallelograms applied to the same straight line and falling short by parallelogrammic figures similar and similarly situated to that described from the half, the greatest is that applied to the half which is similar to the defect.
ἔστω εὐθεῖα ἡ ΑΒ καὶ τετμήσθω δίχα κατὰ τὸ Γ, καὶ παραβεβλήσθω παρὰ τὴν ΑΒ εὐθεῖαν τὸ ΑΔ παραλληλόγραμμον ἐλλεῖπον εἴδει παραλληλογράμμῳ τῷ ΔΒ ἀναγραφέντι ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμισείας τῆς ΑΒ, τουτέστι τῆς ΓΒ· λέγω, ὅτι πάντων τῶν παρὰ τὴν ΑΒ παραβαλλομένων παραλληλογράμμων καὶ ἐλλειπόντων εἴδεσι ὁμοίοις τε καὶ ὁμοίως κειμένοις τῷ ΔΒ μέγιστόν ἐστι τὸ ΑΔ. παραβεβλήσθω γὰρ παρὰ τὴν ΑΒ εὐθεῖαν τὸ ΑΖ παραλληλόγραμμον ἐλλεῖπον εἴδει παραλληλογράμμῳ τῷ ΖΒ ὁμοίῳ τε καὶ ὁμοίως κειμένῳ τῷ ΔΒ· λέγω, ὅτι μεῖζόν ἐστι τὸ ΑΔ τοῦ ΑΖ.
ἐπεὶ γὰρ ὅμοιόν ἐστι τὸ ΔΒ παραλληλόγραμμον τῷ ΖΒ παραλληλογράμμῳ, περὶ τὴν αὐτήν εἰσι διάμετρον.
Let there be a straight line ΑΒ and let it be bisected at Γ, and let there be applied to the straight line ΑΒ the parallelogram ΑΔ falling short by a parallelogrammic figure ΔΒ described on the half of ΑΒ, that is, ΓΒ; I say that, of all the parallelograms applied to ΑΒ and falling short by figures similar and similarly situated to ΔΒ, ΑΔ is the greatest. For let there be applied to the straight line ΑΒ the parallelogram ΑΖ falling short by a parallelogrammic figure ΖΒ similar and similarly situated to ΔΒ; I say that ΑΔ is greater than ΑΖ. For since the parallelogram ΔΒ is similar to the parallelogram ΖΒ, they are about the same diameter.
ἤχθω αὐτῶν διάμετρος ἡ ΔΒ, καὶ καταγεγράφθω τὸ σχῆμα.
Let their diameter ΔΒ be drawn, and let the figure be described.
ἐπεὶ οὖν ἴσον ἐστὶ τὸ ΓΖ τῷ ΖΕ, κοινὸν δὲ τὸ ΖΒ, ὅλον ἄρα τὸ ΓΘ ὅλῳ τῷ ΚΕ ἐστιν ἴσον.
Since then ΓΖ is equal to ΖΕ, and ΖΒ is common, therefore the whole ΓΘ is equal to the whole ΚΕ.
ἀλλὰ τὸ ΓΘ τῷ ΓΗ ἐστιν ἴσον, ἐπεὶ καὶ ἡ ΑΓ τῇ ΓΒ. καὶ τὸ ΗΓ ἄρα τῷ ΕΚ ἐστιν ἴσον.
But ΓΘ is equal to ΓΗ, since ΑΓ is also equal to ΓΒ. Therefore ΗΓ is also equal to ΕΚ.
κοινὸν προσκείσθω τὸ ΓΖ· ὅλον ἄρα τὸ ΑΖ τῷ ΛΜΝ γνώμονί ἐστιν ἴσον· ὥστε τὸ ΔΒ παραλληλόγραμμον, τουτέστι τὸ ΑΔ, τοῦ ΑΖ παραλληλογράμμου μεῖζόν ἐστιν.
Let ΓΖ be added as common; therefore the whole ΑΖ is equal to the gnomon ΛΜΝ; so that the parallelogram ΔΒ, that is, ΑΔ, is greater than the parallelogram ΑΖ.
πάντων ἄρα τῶν παρὰ τὴν αὐτὴν εὐθεῖαν παραβαλλομένων παραλληλογράμμων καὶ ἐλλειπόντων εἴδεσι παραλληλογράμμοις ὁμοίοις τε καὶ ὁμοίως κειμένοις τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμισείας ἀναγραφομένῳ μέγιστόν ἐστι τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμισείας παραβληθέν· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore, of all parallelograms applied to the same straight line and falling short by parallelogrammic figures similar and similarly situated to that described from the half, the greatest is that applied to the half; which was to be proved.