§6.prop.22ἐὰν τέσσαρες εὐθεῖαι ἀνάλογον ὦσιν, καὶ τὰ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν εὐθύγραμμα ὅμοιά τε καὶ ὁμοίως ἀναγεγραμμένα ἀνάλογον ἔσται· κἂν τὰ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν εὐθύγραμμα ὅμοιά τε καὶ ὁμοίως ἀναγεγραμμένα ἀνάλογον ᾖ, καὶ αὐταὶ αἱ εὐθεῖαι ἀνάλογον ἔσονται.
If four straight lines are proportional, the rectilinear figures similar and similarly described on them will also be proportional; and if the rectilinear figures similar and similarly described on them are proportional, the straight lines themselves will also be proportional.
ἔστωσαν τέσσαρες εὐθεῖαι ἀνάλογον αἱ ΑΒ, ΓΔ, ΕΖ, ΗΘ, ὡς ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς τὴν ΓΔ, οὕτως ἡ ΕΖ πρὸς τὴν ΗΘ, καὶ ἀναγεγράφθωσαν ἀπὸ μὲν τῶν ΑΒ, ΓΔ ὅμοιά τε καὶ ὁμοίως κείμενα εὐθύγραμμα τὰ ΚΑΒ, ΛΓΔ, ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν ΕΖ, ΗΘ ὅμοιά τε καὶ ὁμοίως κείμενα εὐθύγραμμα τὰ ΜΖ, ΝΘ· λέγω, ὅτι ἐστὶν ὡς τὸ ΚΑΒ πρὸς τὸ ΛΓΔ, οὕτως τὸ ΜΖ πρὸς τὸ ΝΘ.
εἰλήφθω γὰρ τῶν μὲν ΑΒ, ΓΔ τρίτη ἀνάλογον ἡ Ξ, τῶν δὲ ΕΖ, ΗΘ τρίτη ἀνάλογον ἡ Ο. καὶ ἐπεί ἐστιν ὡς μὲν ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς τὴν ΓΔ, οὕτως ἡ ΕΖ πρὸς τὴν ΗΘ, ὡς δὲ ἡ ΓΔ πρὸς τὴν Ξ, οὕτως ἡ ΗΘ πρὸς τὴν Ο, διʼ ἴσου ἄρα ἐστὶν ὡς ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς τὴν Ξ, οὕτως ἡ ΕΖ πρὸς τὴν Ο. ἀλλʼ ὡς μὲν ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς τὴν Ξ, οὕτως τὸ ΚΑΒ πρὸς τὸ ΛΓΔ, ὡς δὲ ἡ ΕΖ πρὸς τὴν Ο, οὕτως τὸ ΜΖ πρὸς τὸ ΝΘ· καὶ ὡς ἄρα τὸ ΚΑΒ πρὸς τὸ ΛΓΔ, οὕτως τὸ ΜΖ πρὸς τὸ ΝΘ.
ἀλλὰ δὴ ἔστω ὡς τὸ ΚΑΒ πρὸς τὸ ΛΓΔ, οὕτως τὸ ΜΖ πρὸς τὸ ΝΘ· λέγω, ὅτι ἐστὶ καὶ ὡς ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς τὴν ΓΔ, οὕτως ἡ ΕΖ πρὸς τὴν ΗΘ. εἰ γὰρ μή ἐστιν, ὡς ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς τὴν ΓΔ, οὕτως ἡ ΕΖ πρὸς τὴν ΗΘ, ἔστω ὡς ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς τὴν ΓΔ, οὕτως ἡ ΕΖ πρὸς τὴν ΠΡ, καὶ ἀναγεγράφθω ἀπὸ τῆς ΠΡ ὁποτέρῳ τῶν ΜΖ, ΝΘ ὅμοιόν τε καὶ ὁμοίως κείμενον εὐθύγραμμον τὸ ΣΡ.
ἐπεὶ οὖν ἐστιν ὡς ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς τὴν ΓΔ, οὕτως ἡ ΕΖ πρὸς τὴν ΠΡ, καὶ ἀναγέγραπται ἀπὸ μὲν τῶν ΑΒ, ΓΔ ὅμοιά τε καὶ ὁμοίως κείμενα τὰ ΚΑΒ, ΛΓΔ, ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν ΕΖ, ΠΡ ὅμοιά τε καὶ ὁμοίως κείμενα τὰ ΜΖ, ΣΡ, ἔστιν ἄρα ὡς τὸ ΚΑΒ πρὸς τὸ ΛΓΔ, οὕτως τὸ ΜΖ πρὸς τὸ ΣΡ. ὑπόκειται δὲ καὶ ὡς τὸ ΚΑΒ πρὸς τὸ ΛΓΔ, οὕτως τὸ ΜΖ πρὸς τὸ ΝΘ·
Let there be four proportional straight lines AB, ΓΔ, EZ, HΘ, as AB is to ΓΔ, so EZ to HΘ, and let there be described on AB, ΓΔ the similar and similarly situated rectilinear figures KAB, ΛΓΔ, and on EZ, HΘ the similar and similarly situated rectilinear figures MZ, NΘ; I say that, as KAB is to ΛΓΔ, so is MZ to NΘ. For let a third proportional to AB, ΓΔ be taken, namely Ξ, and a third proportional to EZ, HΘ, namely O. And since, as AB is to ΓΔ, so is EZ to HΘ, and as ΓΔ is to Ξ, so is HΘ to O, therefore, ex aequali, as AB is to Ξ, so is EZ to O. But as AB is to Ξ, so is KAB to ΛΓΔ, and as EZ is to O, so is MZ to NΘ; therefore also, as KAB is to ΛΓΔ, so is MZ to NΘ. But now let KAB be to ΛΓΔ as MZ is to NΘ; I say that, as AB is to ΓΔ, so also is EZ to HΘ. For if, as AB is to ΓΔ, so is not EZ to HΘ, let it be as AB to ΓΔ, so EZ to ΠP, and let there be described on ΠP, similar and similarly situated to either of MZ, NΘ, the rectilinear figure ΣP. Since then, as AB is to ΓΔ, so is EZ to ΠP, and there have been described on AB, ΓΔ the similar and similarly situated KAB, ΛΓΔ, and on EZ, ΠP the similar and similarly situated MZ, ΣP, therefore, as KAB is to ΛΓΔ, so is MZ to ΣP. But it is also hypothesized that, as KAB is to ΛΓΔ, so is MZ to NΘ; therefore also, as MZ is to ΣP, so is MZ to NΘ.
καὶ ὡς ἄρα τὸ ΜΖ πρὸς τὸ ΣΡ, οὕτως τὸ ΜΖ πρὸς τὸ ΝΘ. τὸ ΜΖ ἄρα πρὸς ἑκάτερον τῶν ΝΘ, ΣΡ τὸν αὐτὸν ἔχει λόγον·
Therefore MZ has to each of NΘ, ΣP the same ratio; therefore NΘ is equal to ΣP.
ἴσον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ΝΘ τῷ ΣΡ. ἔστι δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ ὅμοιον καὶ ὁμοίως κείμενον·
But it is also similar and similarly situated to it; therefore HΘ is equal to ΠP.
ἴση ἄρα ἡ ΗΘ τῇ ΠΡ. καὶ ἐπεί ἐστιν ὡς ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς τὴν ΓΔ, οὕτως ἡ ΕΖ πρὸς τὴν ΠΡ, ἴση δὲ ἡ ΠΡ τῇ ΗΘ, ἔστιν ἄρα ὡς ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς τὴν ΓΔ, οὕτως ἡ ΕΖ πρὸς τὴν ΗΘ.
ἐὰν ἄρα τέσσαρες εὐθεῖαι ἀνάλογον ὦσιν, καὶ τὰ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν εὐθύγραμμα ὅμοιά τε καὶ ὁμοίως ἀναγεγραμμένα ἀνάλογον ἔσται· κἂν τὰ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν εὐθύγραμμα ὅμοιά τε καὶ ὁμοίως ἀναγεγραμμένα ἀνάλογον ᾖ, καὶ αὐταὶ αἱ εὐθεῖαι ἀνάλογον ἔσονται·
And since, as AB is to ΓΔ, so is EZ to ΠP, and ΠP is equal to HΘ, therefore, as AB is to ΓΔ, so is EZ to HΘ. Therefore, if four straight lines are proportional, the rectilinear figures similar and similarly described on them will also be proportional; and if the rectilinear figures similar and similarly described on them are proportional, the straight lines themselves will also be proportional.
ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Which was to be demonstrated.