§6.prop.20#1τὰ ὅμοια πολύγωνα εἴς τε ὅμοια τρίγωνα διαιρεῖται καὶ εἰς ἴσα τὸ πλῆθος καὶ ὁμόλογα τοῖς ὅλοις, καὶ τὸ πολύγωνον πρὸς τὸ πολύγωνον διπλασίονα λόγον ἔχει ἤπερ ἡ ὁμόλογος πλευρὰ πρὸς τὴν ὁμόλογον πλευράν.
Similar polygons are divided into similar triangles, and equal in multitude and corresponding to the wholes, and the polygon has to the polygon a duplicate ratio of that which the corresponding side has to the corresponding side.
ἔστω ὅμοια πολύγωνα τὰ ΑΒΓΔΕ, ΖΗΘΚΛ, ὁμόλογος δὲ ἔστω ἡ ΑΒ τῇ ΖΗ· λέγω, ὅτι τὰ ΑΒΓΔΕ, ΖΗΘΚΛ πολύγωνα εἴς τε ὅμοια τρίγωνα διαιρεῖται καὶ εἰς ἴσα τὸ πλῆθος καὶ ὁμόλογα τοῖς ὅλοις, καὶ τὸ ΑΒΓΔΕ πολύγωνον πρὸς τὸ ΖΗΘΚΛ πολύγωνον διπλασίονα λόγον ἔχει ἤπερ ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς τὴν ΖΗ.
ἐπεζεύχθωσαν αἱ ΒΕ, ΕΓ, ΗΛ, ΛΘ.
καὶ ἐπεὶ ὅμοιόν ἐστι τὸ ΑΒΓΔΕ πολύγωνον τῷ ΖΗΘΚΛ πολυγώνῳ, ἴση ἐστὶν ἡ ὑπὸ ΒΑΕ γωνία τῇ ὑπὸ ΗΖΛ. καί ἐστιν ὡς ἡ ΒΑ πρὸς ΑΕ, οὕτως ἡ ΗΖ πρὸς ΖΛ. ἐπεὶ οὖν δύο τρίγωνά ἐστι τὰ ΑΒΕ, ΖΗΛ μίαν γωνίαν μιᾷ γωνίᾳ ἴσην ἔχοντα, περὶ δὲ τὰς ἴσας γωνίας τὰς πλευρὰς ἀνάλογον, ἰσογώνιον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ΑΒΕ τρίγωνον τῷ ΖΗΛ τριγώνῳ· ὥστε καὶ ὅμοιον·
Let ABΓΔE, ZHΘKΛ be similar polygons, and let AB correspond to ZH; I say that the polygons ABΓΔE, ZHΘKΛ are divided into similar triangles, and equal in multitude and corresponding to the wholes, and the polygon ABΓΔE has to the polygon ZHΘKΛ a duplicate ratio of that which AB has to ZH. Let BE, EΓ, HΛ, ΛΘ be joined. And since the polygon ABΓΔE is similar to the polygon ZHΘKΛ, the angle BAE is equal to the angle HZΛ. And as BA is to AE, so is HZ to ZΛ. Since then the two triangles ABE, ZHΛ have one angle equal to one angle, and the sides about the equal angles proportional, therefore the triangle ABE is equiangular with the triangle ZHΛ; so that it is also similar; therefore the angle ABE is equal to the angle ZHΛ.
ἴση ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ὑπὸ ΑΒΕ γωνία τῇ ὑπὸ ΖΗΛ. ἔστι δὲ καὶ ὅλη ἡ ὑπὸ ΑΒΓ ὅλῃ τῇ ὑπὸ ΖΗΘ ἴση διὰ τὴν ὁμοιότητα τῶν πολυγώνων· λοιπὴ ἄρα ἡ ὑπὸ ΕΒΓ γωνία τῇ ὑπὸ ΛΗΘ ἐστιν ἴση.
But the whole angle ABΓ is also equal to the whole angle ZHΘ because of the similarity of the polygons; therefore the remaining angle EBΓ is equal to the angle ΛHΘ.
καὶ ἐπεὶ διὰ τὴν ὁμοιότητα τῶν ΑΒΕ, ΖΗΛ τριγώνων ἐστὶν ὡς ἡ ΕΒ πρὸς ΒΑ, οὕτως ἡ ΛΗ πρὸς ΗΖ, ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ διὰ τὴν ὁμοιότητα τῶν πολυγώνων ἐστὶν ὡς ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς ΒΓ, οὕτως ἡ ΖΗ πρὸς ΗΘ, διʼ ἴσου ἄρα ἐστὶν ὡς ἡ ΕΒ πρὸς ΒΓ, οὕτως ἡ ΛΗ πρὸς ΗΘ, καὶ περὶ τὰς ἴσας γωνίας τὰς ὑπὸ ΕΒΓ, ΛΗΘ αἱ πλευραὶ ἀνάλογόν εἰσιν· ἰσογώνιον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ΕΒΓ τρίγωνον τῷ ΛΗΘ τριγώνῳ· ὥστε καὶ ὅμοιόν ἐστι τὸ ΕΒΓ τρίγωνον τῷ ΛΗΘ τριγώνῳ.
And since, because of the similarity of the triangles ABE, ZHΛ, as EB is to BA, so is ΛH to HZ, but indeed also, because of the similarity of the polygons, as AB is to BΓ, so is ZH to HΘ, therefore, ex aequali, as EB is to BΓ, so is ΛH to HΘ, and the sides about the equal angles EBΓ, ΛHΘ are proportional; therefore the triangle EBΓ is equiangular with the triangle ΛHΘ; so that the triangle EBΓ is also similar to the triangle ΛHΘ.
διὰ τὰ αὐτὰ δὴ καὶ τὸ ΕΓΔ τρίγωνον ὅμοιόν ἐστι τῷ ΛΘΚ τριγώνῳ.
For the same reasons indeed, the triangle EΓΔ is also similar to the triangle ΛΘK.
τὰ ἄρα ὅμοια πολύγωνα τὰ ΑΒΓΔΕ, ΖΗΘΚΛ εἴς τε ὅμοια τρίγωνα διῄρηται καὶ εἰς ἴσα τὸ πλῆθος.
Therefore the similar polygons ABΓΔE, ZHΘKΛ are divided into similar triangles, and equal in multitude.
λέγω, ὅτι καὶ ὁμόλογα τοῖς ὅλοις, τουτέστιν ὥστε ἀνάλογον εἶναι τὰ τρίγωνα, καὶ ἡγούμενα μὲν εἶναι τὰ ΑΒΕ, ΕΒΓ, ΕΓΔ, ἑπόμενα δὲ αὐτῶν τὰ ΖΗΛ, ΛΗΘ, ΛΘΚ, καὶ ὅτι τὸ ΑΒΓΔΕ πολύγωνον πρὸς τὸ ΖΗΘΚΛ πολύγωνον διπλασίονα λόγον ἔχει ἤπερ ἡ ὁμόλογος πλευρὰ πρὸς τὴν ὁμόλογον πλευράν, τουτέστιν ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς τὴν ΖΗ.
I say that they are also corresponding to the wholes, that is, so that the triangles are proportional, ABE, EBΓ, EΓΔ being the antecedents, and ZHΛ, ΛHΘ, ΛΘK their consequents, and that the polygon ABΓΔE has to the polygon ZHΘKΛ a duplicate ratio of that which the corresponding side has to the corresponding side, that is, AB to ZH.