§5.prop.21ἐὰν ᾖ τρία μεγέθη καὶ ἄλλα αὐτοῖς ἴσα τὸ πλῆθος σύνδυο λαμβανόμενα καὶ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ, ᾖ δὲ τεταραγμένη αὐτῶν ἡ ἀναλογία, διʼ ἴσου δὲ τὸ πρῶτον τοῦ τρίτου μεῖζον ᾖ, καὶ τὸ τέταρτον τοῦ ἕκτου μεῖζον ἔσται, κἂν ἴσον, ἴσον, κἂν ἔλαττον, ἔλαττον.
If there are three magnitudes, and others equal to them in multitude, taken two by two and in the same ratio, and their proportion is perturbed, and ex aequali the first is greater than the third, the fourth will also be greater than the sixth, and if equal, equal, and if less, less.
ἔστω τρία μεγέθη τὰ Α, Β, Γ καὶ ἄλλα αὐτοῖς ἴσα τὸ πλῆθος τὰ Δ, Ε, Ζ, σύνδυο λαμβανόμενα καὶ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ, ἔστω δὲ τεταραγμένη αὐτῶν ἡ ἀναλογία, ὡς μὲν τὸ Α πρὸς τὸ Β, οὕτως τὸ Ε πρὸς τὸ Ζ, ὡς δὲ τὸ Β πρὸς τὸ Γ, οὕτως τὸ Δ πρὸς τὸ Ε, διʼ ἴσου δὲ τὸ Α τοῦ Γ μεῖζον ἔστω· λέγω, ὅτι καὶ τὸ Δ τοῦ Ζ μεῖζον ἔσται, κἂν ἴσον, ἴσον, κἂν ἔλαττον, ἔλαττον.
Let there be three magnitudes A, B, Γ, and others equal to them in multitude, Δ, E, Z, taken two by two and in the same ratio, and let their proportion be perturbed, so that as A is to B, so is E to Z, and as B is to Γ, so is Δ to E, and ex aequali let A be greater than Γ; I say that Δ will also be greater than Z, and if equal, equal, and if less, less.
ἐπεὶ γὰρ μεῖζόν ἐστι τὸ Α τοῦ Γ, ἄλλο δέ τι τὸ Β, τὸ Α ἄρα πρὸς τὸ Β μείζονα λόγον ἔχει ἤπερ τὸ Γ πρὸς τὸ Β. ἀλλʼ ὡς μὲν τὸ Α πρὸς τὸ Β, οὕτως τὸ Ε πρὸς τὸ Ζ, ὡς δὲ τὸ Γ πρὸς τὸ Β, ἀνάπαλιν οὕτως τὸ Ε πρὸς τὸ Δ. καὶ τὸ Ε ἄρα πρὸς τὸ Ζ μείζονα λόγον ἔχει ἤπερ τὸ Ε πρὸς τὸ Δ. πρὸς ὃ δὲ τὸ αὐτὸ μείζονα λόγον ἔχει, ἐκεῖνο ἔλασσόν ἐστιν·
For since A is greater than Γ, and B is some other magnitude, therefore A has to B a greater ratio than Γ has to B. But as A is to B, so is E to Z, and as Γ is to B, so, inversely, is E to Δ; therefore E has to Z a greater ratio than E has to Δ.
ἔλασσον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ Ζ τοῦ Δ· μεῖζον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ Δ τοῦ Ζ. ὁμοίως δὴ δείξομεν, ὅτι κἂν ἴσον ᾖ τὸ Α τῷ Γ, ἴσον ἔσται καὶ τὸ Δ τῷ Ζ, κἂν ἔλαττον, ἔλαττον.
But that to which the same has a greater ratio is less; therefore Z is less than Δ; therefore Δ is greater than Z. In like manner we shall also prove that, even if A is equal to Γ, Δ will also be equal to Z, and if less, less.
ἐὰν ἄρα ᾖ τρία μεγέθη καὶ ἄλλα αὐτοῖς ἴσα τὸ πλῆθος, σύνδυο λαμβανόμενα καὶ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ, ᾖ δὲ τεταραγμένη αὐτῶν ἡ ἀναλογία, διʼ ἴσου δὲ τὸ πρῶτον τοῦ τρίτου μεῖζον ᾖ, καὶ τὸ τέταρτον τοῦ ἕκτου μεῖζον ἔσται, κἂν ἴσον, ἴσον, κἂν ἔλαττον, ἔλαττον· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
If therefore there are three magnitudes, and others equal to them in multitude, taken two by two and in the same ratio, and their proportion is perturbed, and ex aequali the first is greater than the third, the fourth will also be greater than the sixth, and if equal, equal, and if less, less; which was to be proved.
§5.prop.22ἐὰν ᾖ ὁποσαοῦν μεγέθη καὶ ἄλλα αὐτοῖς ἴσα τὸ πλῆθος, σύνδυο λαμβανόμενα καὶ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ, καὶ διʼ ἴσου ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ ἔσται.
If there are any number of magnitudes, and others equal to them in multitude, taken two by two and in the same ratio, they will also be ex aequali in the same ratio.
ἔστω ὁποσαοῦν μεγέθη τὰ Α, Β, Γ καὶ ἄλλα αὐτοῖς ἴσα τὸ πλῆθος τὰ Δ, Ε, Ζ, σύνδυο λαμβανόμενα ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ, ὡς μὲν τὸ Α πρὸς τὸ Β, οὕτως τὸ Δ πρὸς τὸ Ε, ὡς δὲ τὸ Β πρὸς τὸ Γ, οὕτως τὸ Ε πρὸς τὸ Ζ· λέγω, ὅτι καὶ διʼ ἴσου ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ ἔσται.
Let there be any number of magnitudes A, B, Γ, and others equal to them in multitude, Δ, E, Z, taken two by two in the same ratio, so that as A is to B, so is Δ to E, and as B is to Γ, so is E to Z; I say that they will also be ex aequali in the same ratio.
εἰλήφθω γὰρ τῶν μὲν Α, Δ ἰσάκις πολλαπλάσια τὰ η, Θ, τῶν δὲ Β, Ε ἄλλα, ἃ ἔτυχεν, ἰσάκις πολλαπλάσια τὰ Κ, Λ, καὶ ἔτι τῶν Γ, Ζ ἄλλα, ἃ ἔτυχεν, ἰσάκις πολλαπλάσια τὰ Μ, Ν.
καὶ ἐπεί ἐστιν ὡς τὸ Α πρὸς τὸ Β, οὕτως τὸ Δ πρὸς τὸ Ε, καὶ εἴληπται τῶν μὲν Α, Δ ἰσάκις πολλαπλάσια τὰ η, Θ, τῶν δὲ Β, Ε ἄλλα, ἃ ἔτυχεν, ἰσάκις πολλαπλάσια τὰ Κ, Λ, ἔστιν ἄρα ὡς τὸ Η πρὸς τὸ Κ, οὕτως τὸ Θ πρὸς τὸ Λ. διὰ τὰ αὐτὰ δὴ καὶ ὡς τὸ Κ πρὸς τὸ Μ, οὕτως τὸ Λ πρὸς τὸ Ν. ἐπεὶ οὖν τρία μεγέθη ἐστὶ τὰ Η, Κ, Μ, καὶ ἄλλα αὐτοῖς ἴσα τὸ πλῆθος τὰ Θ, Λ, Ν, σύνδυο λαμβανόμενα καὶ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ, διʼ ἴσου ἄρα, εἰ ὑπερέχει τὸ Η τοῦ Μ, ὑπερέχει καὶ τὸ Θ τοῦ Ν, καὶ εἰ ἴσον, ἴσον, καὶ εἰ ἔλαττον, ἔλαττον.
For let there be taken of A, Δ equimultiples H, Θ, and of B, E other, chance, equimultiples K, Λ, and further of Γ, Z other, chance, equimultiples M, N. And since as A is to B, so is Δ to E, and there have been taken of A, Δ equimultiples H, Θ, and of B, E other, chance, equimultiples K, Λ, therefore as H is to K, so is Θ to Λ. For the same reasons indeed, as K is to M, so is Λ to N. Since then there are three magnitudes H, K, M, and others equal to them in multitude Θ, Λ, N, taken two by two and in the same ratio, therefore ex aequali, if H exceeds M, Θ also exceeds N, and if equal, equal, and if less, less.
καί ἐστι τὰ μὲν Η, Θ τῶν Α, Δ ἰσάκις πολλαπλάσια, τὰ δὲ Μ, Ν τῶν Γ, Ζ ἄλλα, ἃ ἔτυχεν, ἰσάκις πολλαπλάσια.
And H, Θ are equimultiples of A, Δ, and M, N other, chance, equimultiples of Γ, Z.
ἔστιν ἄρα ὡς τὸ Α πρὸς τὸ Γ, οὕτως τὸ Δ πρὸς τὸ Ζ.
ἐὰν ἄρα ᾖ ὁποσαοῦν μεγέθη καὶ ἄλλα αὐτοῖς ἴσα τὸ πλῆθος, σύνδυο λαμβανόμενα ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ, καὶ διʼ ἴσου ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ ἔσται· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore, as A is to Γ, so is Δ to Z. If therefore there are any number of magnitudes, and others equal to them in multitude, taken two by two in the same ratio, they will also be ex aequali in the same ratio; which was to be proved.