§3.prop.32ἐὰν κύκλου ἐφάπτηταί τις εὐθεῖα, ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς ἁφῆς εἰς τὸν κύκλον διαχθῇ τις εὐθεῖα τέμνουσα τὸν κύκλον, ἃς ποιεῖ γωνίας πρὸς τῇ ἐφαπτομένῃ, ἴσαι ἔσονται ταῖς ἐν τοῖς ἐναλλὰξ τοῦ κύκλου τμήμασι γωνίαις.
If a straight line touch a circle, and from the point of contact there be drawn across the circle a straight line cutting the circle, the angles which it makes with the tangent will be equal to the angles in the alternate segments of the circle.
κύκλου γὰρ τοῦ ΑΒΓΔ ἐφαπτέσθω τις εὐθεῖα ἡ ΕΖ κατὰ τὸ Β σημεῖον, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Β σημείου διήχθω τις εὐθεῖα εἰς τὸν ΑΒΓΔ κύκλον τέμνουσα αὐτὸν ἡ ΒΔ. λέγω, ὅτι ἃς ποιεῖ γωνίας ἡ ΒΔ μετὰ τῆς ΕΖ ἐφαπτομένης, ἴσαι ἔσονται ταῖς ἐν τοῖς ἐναλλὰξ τμήμασι τοῦ κύκλου γωνίαις, τουτέστιν, ὅτι ἡ μὲν ὑπὸ ΖΒΔ γωνία ἴση ἐστὶ τῇ ἐν τῷ ΒΑΔ τμήματι συνισταμένῃ γωνίᾳ, ἡ δὲ ὑπὸ ΕΒΔ γωνία ἴση ἐστὶ τῇ ἐν τῷ ΔΓΒ τμήματι συνισταμένῃ γωνίᾳ.
For let a straight line ΕΖ touch the circle ΑΒΓΔ at the point Β, and from the point Β let a straight line ΒΔ be drawn across the circle ΑΒΓΔ cutting it; I say that the angles which ΒΔ makes with the tangent ΕΖ will be equal to the angles in the alternate segments of the circle, that is, that the angle ΖΒΔ is equal to the angle constructed in the segment ΒΑΔ, and the angle ΕΒΔ is equal to the angle constructed in the segment ΔΓΒ.
ἤχθω γὰρ ἀπὸ τοῦ Β τῇ ΕΖ πρὸς ὀρθὰς ἡ ΒΑ, καὶ εἰλήφθω ἐπὶ τῆς ΒΔ περιφερείας τυχὸν σημεῖον τὸ Γ, καὶ ἐπεζεύχθωσαν αἱ ΑΔ, ΔΓ, ΓΒ.
καὶ ἐπεὶ κύκλου τοῦ ΑΒΓΔ ἐφάπτεταί τις εὐθεῖα ἡ ΕΖ κατὰ τὸ Β, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ἁφῆς ἦκται τῇ ἐφαπτομένῃ πρὸς ὀρθὰς ἡ ΒΑ, ἐπὶ τῆς ΒΑ ἄρα τὸ κέντρον ἐστὶ τοῦ ΑΒΓΔ κύκλου.
For let ΒΑ be drawn from Β at right angles to ΕΖ, and let an arbitrary point Γ be taken on the circumference ΒΔ, and let ΑΔ, ΔΓ, ΓΒ be joined. And since a straight line ΕΖ touches the circle ΑΒΓΔ at Β, and from the point of contact ΒΑ has been drawn at right angles to the tangent, the center of the circle ΑΒΓΔ is on ΒΑ.
ἡ ΒΑ ἄρα διάμετρός ἐστι τοῦ ΑΒΓΔ κύκλου· ἡ ἄρα ὑπὸ ΑΔΒ γωνία ἐν ἡμικυκλίῳ οὖσα ὀρθή ἐστιν.
Therefore ΒΑ is a diameter of the circle ΑΒΓΔ; therefore the angle ΑΔΒ, being in a semicircle, is a right angle.
λοιπαὶ ἄρα αἱ ὑπὸ ΒΑΔ, ΑΒΔ μιᾷ ὀρθῇ ἴσαι εἰσίν.
Therefore the remaining angles ΒΑΔ, ΑΒΔ are equal to one right angle.
ἐστὶ δὲ καὶ ἡ ὑπὸ ΑΒΖ ὀρθή· ἡ ἄρα ὑπὸ ΑΒΖ ἴση ἐστὶ ταῖς ὑπὸ ΒΑΔ, ΑΒΔ. κοινὴ ἀφῃρήσθω ἡ ὑπὸ ΑΒΔ· λοιπὴ ἄρα ἡ ὑπὸ ΔΒΖ γωνία ἴση ἐστὶ τῇ ἐν τῷ ἐναλλὰξ τμήματι τοῦ κύκλου γωνίᾳ τῇ ὑπὸ ΒΑΔ. καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐν κύκλῳ τετράπλευρόν ἐστι τὸ ΑΒΓΔ, αἱ ἀπεναντίον αὐτοῦ γωνίαι δυσὶν ὀρθαῖς ἴσαι εἰσίν.
But the angle ΑΒΖ is also a right angle; therefore the angle ΑΒΖ is equal to the angles ΒΑΔ, ΑΒΔ. Let the common angle ΑΒΔ be subtracted; therefore the remaining angle ΔΒΖ is equal to the angle ΒΑΔ in the alternate segment of the circle. And since ΑΒΓΔ is a quadrangle in a circle, its opposite angles are equal to two right angles.
εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ αἱ ὑπὸ ΔΒΖ, ΔΒΕ δυσὶν ὀρθαῖς ἴσαι· αἱ ἄρα ὑπὸ ΔΒΖ, ΔΒΕ ταῖς ὑπὸ ΒΑΔ, ΒΓΔ ἴσαι εἰσίν, ὧν ἡ ὑπὸ ΒΑΔ τῇ ὑπὸ ΔΒΖ ἐδείχθη ἴση· λοιπὴ ἄρα ἡ ὑπὸ ΔΒΕ τῇ ἐν τῷ ἐναλλὰξ τοῦ κύκλου τμήματι τῷ ΔΓΒ τῇ ὑπὸ ΔΓΒ γωνίᾳ ἐστὶν ἴση.
But the angles ΔΒΖ, ΔΒΕ are also equal to two right angles; therefore the angles ΔΒΖ, ΔΒΕ are equal to the angles ΒΑΔ, ΒΓΔ, of which the angle ΒΑΔ was proved equal to the angle ΔΒΖ; therefore the remaining angle ΔΒΕ is equal to the angle ΔΓΒ in the alternate segment ΔΓΒ of the circle.
ἐὰν ἄρα κύκλου ἐφάπτηταί τις εὐθεῖα, ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς ἁφῆς εἰς τὸν κύκλον διαχθῇ τις εὐθεῖα τέμνουσα τὸν κύκλον, ἃς ποιεῖ γωνίας πρὸς τῇ ἐφαπτομένῃ, ἴσαι ἔσονται ταῖς ἐν τοῖς ἐναλλὰξ τοῦ κύκλου τμήμασι γωνίαις· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore if a straight line touch a circle, and from the point of contact there be drawn across the circle a straight line cutting the circle, the angles which it makes with the tangent will be equal to the angles in the alternate segments of the circle; which was to be proved.