§13.prop.15κύβον συστήσασθαι καὶ σφαίρᾳ περιλαβεῖν, ᾗ καὶ τὴν πυραμίδα, καὶ δεῖξαι, ὅτι ἡ τῆς σφαίρας διάμετρος δυνάμει τριπλασίων ἐστὶ τῆς τοῦ κύβου πλευρᾶς.
To construct a cube and to comprehend it in a sphere, as in the case of the pyramid, and to prove that the diameter of the sphere is triple in square of the side of the cube.
Ἐκκείσθω ἡ τῆς δοθείσης σφαίρας διάμετρος ἡ ΑΒ καὶ τετμήσθω κατὰ τὸ Γ ὥστε διπλῆν εἶναι τὴν ΑΓ τῆς ΓΒ, καὶ γεγράφθω ἐπὶ τῆς ΑΒ ἡμικύκλιον τὸ ΑΔΒ, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Γ τῇ ΑΒ πρὸς ὀρθὰς ἤχθω ἡ ΓΔ, καὶ ἐπεζεύχθω ἡ ΔΒ, καὶ ἐκκείσθω τετράγωνον τὸ ΕΖΗΘ ἴσην ἔχον τὴν πλευρὰν τῇ ΔΒ, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν Ε, Ζ, Η, Θ τῷ τοῦ ΕΖΗΘ τετραγώνου ἐπιπέδῳ πρὸς ὀρθὰς ἤχθωσαν αἱ ΕΚ, ΖΛ, ΗΜ, ΘΝ, καὶ ἀφῃρήσθω ἀπὸ ἑκάστης τῶν ΕΚ, ΖΛ, ΗΜ, ΘΝ μιᾷ τῶν ΕΖ, ΖΗ, ΗΘ, ΘΕ ἴση ἑκάστη τῶν ΕΚ, ΖΛ, ΗΜ, ΘΝ, καὶ ἐπεζεύχθωσαν αἱ ΚΛ, ΛΜ, ΜΝ, ΝΚ·
Let the diameter AB of the given sphere be laid down, and let it be cut at C so that AC is double of GB, and let the semicircle ADB be described on AB, and let CD be drawn from C at right angles to AB, and let DB be joined. And let a square EZHTh be laid down having its side equal to DB, and let EK, ZL, HM, ThN be drawn from E, Z, H, Th at right angles to the plane of the square EZHTh, and let there be cut off from each of EK, ZL, HM, ThN, equal to one of EZ, ZH, HTh, ThE, each of EK, ZL, HM, ThN, and let KL, LM, MN, NK be joined.
κύβος ἄρα συνέσταται ὁ ΖΝ ὑπὸ ἓξ τετραγώνων ἴσων περιεχόμενος.
Therefore a cube ZN has been constructed, comprehended by six equal squares.
δεῖ δὴ αὐτὸν καὶ σφαίρᾳ περιλαβεῖν τῇ δοθείσῃ καὶ δεῖξαι, ὅτι ἡ τῆς σφαίρας διάμετρος δυνάμει τριπλασία ἐστὶ τῆς πλευρᾶς τοῦ κύβου.
Now it is required to comprehend it in the given sphere and to prove that the diameter of the sphere is triple in square of the side of the cube.
ἐπεζεύχθωσαν γὰρ αἱ ΚΗ, ΕΗ. καὶ ἐπεὶ ὀρθή ἐστιν ἡ ὑπὸ ΚΕΗ γωνία διὰ τὸ καὶ τὴν ΚΕ ὀρθὴν εἶναι πρὸς τὸ ΕΗ ἐπίπεδον δηλαδὴ καὶ πρὸς τὴν ΕΗ εὐθεῖαν, τὸ ἄρα ἐπὶ τῆς ΚΗ γραφόμενον ἡμικύκλιον ἥξει καὶ διὰ τοῦ Ε σημείου.
For let KH, EH be joined. And since the angle KEH is a right angle—because KE is also at right angles to the plane of EH, and therefore clearly also to the straight line EH—therefore the semicircle described on KH will also pass through the point E.
πάλιν, ἐπεὶ ἡ ΗΖ ὀρθή ἐστι πρὸς ἑκατέραν τῶν ΖΛ, ΖΕ, καὶ πρὸς τὸ ΖΚ ἄρα ἐπίπεδον ὀρθή ἐστιν ἡ ΗΖ· ὥστε καὶ ἐὰν ἐπιζεύξωμεν τὴν ΖΚ, ἡ ΗΖ ὀρθὴ ἔσται καὶ πρὸς τὴν ΖΚ· καὶ διὰ τοῦτο πάλιν τὸ ἐπὶ τῆς ΗΚ γραφόμενον ἡμικύκλιον ἥξει καὶ διὰ τοῦ Ζ. ὁμοίως καὶ διὰ τῶν λοιπῶν τοῦ κύβου σημείων ἥξει.
Again, since HZ is at right angles to each of ZL, ZE, therefore HZ is also at right angles to the plane ZK; so that if we also join ZK, HZ will be at right angles to ZK; and for this reason again the semicircle described on HK will also pass through Z. Similarly it will also pass through the remaining points of the cube.
ἐὰν δὴ μενούσης τῆς ΚΗ περιενεχθὲν τὸ ἡμικύκλιον εἰς τὸ αὐτὸ ἀποκατασταθῇ, ὅθεν ἤρξατο φέρεσθαι, ἔσται σφαίρᾳ περιειλημμένος ὁ κύβος.
If then, while KH remains fixed, the semicircle be carried round and restored again to the same position from which it began to be moved, the cube will have been comprehended in a sphere.
λέγω δή, ὅτι καὶ τῇ δοθείσῃ.
I say then, that it is also in the given sphere.
ἐπεὶ γὰρ ἴση ἐστὶν ἡ ΗΖ τῇ ΖΕ, καί ἐστιν ὀρθὴ ἡ πρὸς τῷ Ζ γωνία, τὸ ἄρα ἀπὸ τῆς ΕΗ διπλάσιόν ἐστι τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ΕΖ. ἴση δὲ ἡ ΕΖ τῇ ΕΚ·
For since HZ is equal to ZE, and the angle at Z is a right angle, therefore the square on EH is double of the square on EZ.
τὸ ἄρα ἀπὸ τῆς ΕΗ διπλάσιόν ἐστι τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ΕΚ· ὥστε τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΗΕ, ΕΚ, τουτέστι τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΗΚ, τριπλάσιόν ἐστι τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ΕΚ. καὶ ἐπεὶ τριπλασίων ἐστὶν ἡ ΑΒ τῆς ΒΓ, ὡς δὲ ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς τὴν ΒΓ, οὕτως τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΒΔ, τριπλάσιον ἄρα τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ΒΔ. ἐδείχθη δὲ καὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΗΚ τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ΚΕ τριπλάσιον.
And EZ is equal to EK; therefore the square on EH is double of the square on EK; so that the squares on HE, EK, that is, the square on HK, is triple of the square on EK. And since AB is triple of BC, and as AB is to BC, so is the square on AB to the square on BD, therefore the square on AB is triple of the square on BD. And the square on HK was also proved triple of the square on KE.
καὶ κεῖται ἴση ἡ ΚΕ τῇ ΔΒ· ἴση ἄρα καὶ ἡ ΚΗ τῇ ΑΒ. καί ἐστιν ἡ ΑΒ τῆς δοθείσης σφαίρας διάμετρος· καὶ ἡ ΚΗ ἄρα ἴση ἐστὶ τῇ τῆς δοθείσης σφαίρας διαμέτρῳ.
And KE is laid down equal to DB; therefore KH is also equal to AB. And AB is the diameter of the given sphere; therefore KH is also equal to the diameter of the given sphere.
τῇ δοθείσῃ ἄρα σφαίρᾳ περιείληπται ὁ κύβος· καὶ συναποδέδεικται, ὅτι ἡ τῆς σφαίρας διάμετρος δυνάμει τριπλασίων ἐστὶ τῆς τοῦ κύβου πλευρᾶς· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore the cube has been comprehended in the given sphere; and it has been proved at the same time that the diameter of the sphere is triple in square of the side of the cube; which it was required to prove.