§12.prop.5αἱ ὑπὸ τὸ αὐτὸ ὕψος οὖσαι πυραμίδες καὶ τριγώνους ἔχουσαι βάσεις πρὸς ἀλλήλας εἰσὶν ὡς αἱ βάσεις.
Pyramids which are of the same height and have triangular bases are to one another as their bases.
ἔστωσαν ὑπὸ τὸ αὐτὸ ὕψος πυραμίδες, ὧν βάσεις μὲν τὰ ΑΒΓ, ΔΕΖ τρίγωνα, κορυφαὶ δὲ τὰ Η, Θ σημεῖα· λέγω, ὅτι ἐστὶν ὡς ἡ ΑΒΓ βάσις πρὸς τὴν ΔΕΖ βάσιν, οὕτως ἡ ΑΒΓΗ πυραμὶς πρὸς τὴν ΔΕΖΘ πυραμίδα.
Let there be pyramids of the same height, of which the bases are the triangles ABG, DEZ, and the vertices the points H, Q; I say that, as the base ABG is to the base DEZ, so is the pyramid ABGH to the pyramid DEZQ.
εἰ γὰρ μή ἐστιν ὡς ἡ ΑΒΓ βάσις πρὸς τὴν ΔΕΖ βάσιν, οὕτως ἡ ΑΒΓΗ πυραμὶς πρὸς τὴν ΔΕΖΘ πυραμίδα, ἔσται ὡς ἡ ΑΒΓ βάσις πρὸς τὴν ΔΕΖ βάσιν, οὕτως ἡ ΑΒΓΗ πυραμὶς ἤτοι πρὸς ἔλασσόν τι τῆς ΔΕΖΘ πυραμίδος στερεὸν ἢ πρὸς μεῖζον.
For if it is not, as the base ABG is to the base DEZ, so the pyramid ABGH to the pyramid DEZQ, then as the base ABG is to the base DEZ, so will the pyramid ABGH be either to some solid less than the pyramid DEZQ, or to a greater.
ἔστω πρότερον πρὸς ἔλασσον τὸ Χ, καὶ διῃρήσθω ἡ ΔΕΖΘ πυραμὶς εἴς τε δύο πυραμίδας ἴσας ἀλλήλαις καὶ ὁμοίας τῇ ὅλῃ καὶ εἰς δύο πρίσματα ἴσα· τὰ δὴ δύο πρίσματα μείζονά ἐστιν ἢ τὸ ἥμισυ τῆς ὅλης πυραμίδος.
First, let it be to a less solid X, and let the pyramid DEZQ be divided into two pyramids equal to one another and similar to the whole, and into two equal prisms; then the two prisms are greater than the half of the whole pyramid.
καὶ πάλιν αἱ ἐκ τῆς διαιρέσεως γινόμεναι πυραμίδες ὁμοίως διῃρήσθωσαν, καὶ τοῦτο ἀεὶ γινέσθω, ἕως οὗ λειφθῶσί τινες πυραμίδες ἀπὸ τῆς ΔΕΖΘ πυραμίδος, αἵ εἰσιν ἐλάττονες τῆς ὑπεροχῆς, ᾗ ὑπερέχει ἡ ΔΕ ΖΘ πυραμὶς τοῦ Χ στερεοῦ.
And again, let the pyramids resulting from the division be similarly divided, and let this be done continually until there are left some pyramids from the pyramid DEZQ which are less than the excess by which the pyramid DEZQ exceeds the solid X.
λελείφθωσαν καὶ ἔστωσαν λόγου ἕνεκεν αἱ ΔΠΡΣ, ΣΤΥΘ· λοιπὰ ἄρα τὰ ἐν τῇ ΔΕ ΖΘ πυραμίδι πρίσματα μείζονά ἐστι τοῦ Χ στερεοῦ.
Let them be left, and let them be, for the sake of argument, DPRS, STYQ; therefore the remaining prisms in the pyramid DEZQ are greater than the solid X.
διῃρήσθω καὶ ἡ ΑΒΓΗ πυραμὶς ὁμοίως καὶ ἰσοπληθῶς τῇ ΔΕΖΘ πυραμίδι· ἔστιν ἄρα ὡς ἡ ΑΒΓ βάσις πρὸς τὴν ΔΕΖ βάσιν, οὕτως τὰ ἐν τῇ ΑΒΓΗ πυραμίδι πρίσματα πρὸς τὰ ἐν τῇ ΔΕΖΘ πυραμίδι πρίσματα.
Let the pyramid ABGH also be divided similarly and equal in number to the pyramid DEZQ; therefore, as the base ABG is to the base DEZ, so are the prisms in the pyramid ABGH to the prisms in the pyramid DEZQ.
ἀλλὰ καὶ ὡς ἡ ΑΒΓ βάσις πρὸς τὴν ΔΕΖ βάσιν, οὕτως ἡ ΑΒΓΗ πυραμὶς πρὸς τὸ Χ στερεόν· καὶ ὡς ἄρα ἡ ΑΒΓΗ πυραμὶς πρὸς τὸ Χ στερεόν, οὕτως τὰ ἐν τῇ ΑΒΓΗ πυραμίδι πρίσματα πρὸς τὰ ἐν τῇ ΔΕΖΘ πυραμίδι πρίσματα·
But also, as the base ABG is to the base DEZ, so is the pyramid ABGH to the solid X; therefore also, as the pyramid ABGH is to the solid X, so are the prisms in the pyramid ABGH to the prisms in the pyramid DEZQ.
ἐναλλὰξ ἄρα ὡς ἡ ΑΒΓΗ πυραμὶς πρὸς τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ πρίσματα, οὕτως τὸ Χ στερεὸν πρὸς τὰ ἐν τῇ ΔΕΖΘ πυραμίδι πρίσματα.
Alternately therefore, as the pyramid ABGH is to the prisms in it, so is the solid X to the prisms in the pyramid DEZQ.
μείζων δὲ ἡ ΑΒΓΗ πυραμὶς τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ πρισμάτων· μεῖζον ἄρα καὶ τὸ Χ στερεὸν τῶν ἐν τῇ ΔΕΖΘ πυραμίδι πρισμάτων.
But the pyramid ABGH is greater than the prisms in it; therefore the solid X is also greater than the prisms in the pyramid DEZQ.
ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔλαττον· ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἀδύνατον.
But it is also less; which is impossible.
οὐκ ἄρα ἐστὶν ὡς ἡ ΑΒΓ βάσις πρὸς τὴν ΔΕΖ βάσιν, οὕτως ἡ ΑΒΓΗ πυραμὶς πρὸς ἔλασσόν τι τῆς ΔΕΖΘ πυραμίδος στερεόν.
Therefore, as the base ABG is to the base DEZ, so the pyramid ABGH is not to some solid less than the pyramid DEZQ.
ὁμοίως δὴ δειχθήσεται, ὅτι οὐδὲ ὡς ἡ ΔΕΖ βάσις πρὸς τὴν ΑΒΓ βάσιν, οὕτως ἡ ΔΕΖΘ πυραμὶς πρὸς ἔλαττόν τι τῆς ΑΒΓΗ πυραμίδος στερεόν.
Similarly indeed, it will be proved that neither as the base DEZ is to the base ABG, so is the pyramid DEZQ to some solid less than the pyramid ABGH.
λέγω δή, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδὲ ὡς ἡ ΑΒΓ βάσις πρὸς τὴν ΔΕΖ βάσιν, οὕτως ἡ ΑΒΓΗ πυραμὶς πρὸς μεῖζόν τι τῆς ΔΕΖΘ πυραμίδος στερεόν.
I say then that neither as the base ABG is to the base DEZ, so is the pyramid ABGH to some solid greater than the pyramid DEZQ.
εἰ γὰρ δυνατόν, ἔστω πρὸς μεῖζον τὸ Χ· ἀνάπαλιν ἄρα ἐστὶν ὡς ἡ ΔΕΖ βάσις πρὸς τὴν ΑΒΓ βάσιν, οὕτως τὸ Χ στερεὸν πρὸς τὴν ΑΒΓΗ πυραμίδα.
For, if possible, let it be to a greater, X; therefore, inversely, as the base DEZ is to the base ABG, so is the solid X to the pyramid ABGH.
ὡς δὲ τὸ Χ στερεὸν πρὸς τὴν ΑΒΓΗ πυραμίδα, οὕτως ἡ ΔΕΖΘ πυραμὶς πρὸς ἔλασσόν τι τῆς ΑΒΓΗ πυραμίδος, ὡς ἔμπροσθεν ἐδείχθη· καὶ ὡς ἄρα ἡ ΔΕΖ βάσις πρὸς τὴν ΑΒΓ βάσιν, οὕτως ἡ ΔΕΖΘ πυραμὶς πρὸς ἔλασσόν τι τῆς ΑΒΓΗ πυραμίδος· ὅπερ ἄτοπον ἐδείχθη.
But as the solid X is to the pyramid ABGH, so is the pyramid DEZQ to some solid less than the pyramid ABGH, as was proved before; and therefore, as the base DEZ is to the base ABG, so is the pyramid DEZQ to some solid less than the pyramid ABGH; which was proved absurd.
οὐκ ἄρα ἐστὶν ὡς ἡ ΑΒΓ βάσις πρὸς τὴν ΔΕΖ βάσιν, οὕτως ἡ ΑΒΓΗ πυραμὶς πρὸς μεῖζόν τι τῆς ΔΕΖΘ πυραμίδος στερεόν.
Therefore, as the base ABG is to the base DEZ, so the pyramid ABGH is not to some solid greater than the pyramid DEZQ.
ἐδείχθη δέ, ὅτι οὐδὲ πρὸς ἔλασσον.
And it was proved that neither is it to a less.
ἔστιν ἄρα ὡς ἡ ΑΒΓ βάσις πρὸς τὴν ΔΕΖ βάσιν, οὕτως ἡ ΑΒΓΗ πυραμὶς πρὸς τὴν ΔΕΖΘ πυραμίδα· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore, as the base ABG is to the base DEZ, so is the pyramid ABGH to the pyramid DEZQ; which was to be proved.