§11.prop.38ἐὰν κύβου τῶν ἀπεναντίον ἐπιπέδων αἱ πλευραὶ δίχα τμηθῶσιν, διὰ δὲ τῶν τομῶν ἐπίπεδα ἐκβληθῇ, ἡ κοινὴ τομὴ τῶν ἐπιπέδων καὶ ἡ τοῦ κύβου διάμετρος δίχα τέμνουσιν ἀλλήλας.
If the sides of the opposite planes of a cube be bisected, and through the points of section planes be carried, the common section of the planes and the diameter of the cube bisect each other.
κύβου γὰρ τοῦ ΑΖ τῶν ἀπεναντίον ἐπιπέδων τῶν ΓΖ, ΑΘ αἱ πλευραὶ δίχα τετμήσθωσαν κατὰ τὰ Κ, Λ, Μ, Ν, Ξ, Π, Ο, Ρ σημεῖα, διὰ δὲ τῶν τομῶν ἐπίπεδα ἐκβεβλήσθω τὰ ΚΝ, ΞΡ, κοινὴ δὲ τομὴ τῶν ἐπιπέδων ἔστω ἡ ΥΣ, τοῦ δὲ ΑΖ κύβου διαγώνιος ἡ ΔΗ. λέγω, ὅτι ἴση ἐστὶν ἡ μὲν ΥΤ τῇ ΤΣ, ἡ δὲ ΔΤ τῇ ΤΗ.
ἐπεζεύχθωσαν γὰρ αἱ ΔΥ, ΥΕ, ΒΣ, ΣΗ. καὶ ἐπεὶ παράλληλός ἐστιν ἡ ΔΞ τῇ ΟΕ, αἱ ἐναλλὰξ γωνίαι αἱ ὑπὸ ΔΞΥ, ΥΟΕ ἴσαι ἀλλήλαις εἰσίν.
For let the sides of the opposite planes GF, AQ of the cube AZ be bisected at the points K, L, M, N, X, P, O, R; and through the points of section let the planes KN, XR be carried; and let the common section of the planes be YS, and the diameter of the cube AZ be DH. I say that YT is equal to TS, and DT to TH. For let DY, YE, BS, SH be joined. And, since DX is parallel to OE, the alternate angles DXY, YOE are equal to one another.
καὶ ἐπεὶ ἴση ἐστὶν ἡ μὲν ΔΞ τῇ ΟΕ, ἡ δὲ ΞΥ τῇ ΥΟ, καὶ γωνίας ἴσας περιέχουσιν, βάσις ἄρα ἡ ΔΥ τῇ ΥΕ ἐστιν ἴση, καὶ τὸ ΔΞΥ τρίγωνον τῷ ΟΥΕ τριγώνῳ ἐστὶν ἴσον καὶ αἱ λοιπαὶ γωνίαι ταῖς λοιπαῖς γωνίαις ἴσαι· ἴση ἄρα ἡ ὑπὸ ΞΥΔ γωνία τῇ ὑπὸ ΟΥΕ γωνίᾳ.
And, since DX is equal to OE, and XY to YO, and they contain equal angles, therefore the base DY is equal to YE, and the triangle DXY is equal to the triangle OYE, and the remaining angles to the remaining angles; therefore the angle XYD is equal to the angle OYE.
διὰ δὴ τοῦτο εὐθεῖά ἐστιν ἡ ΔΥΕ. διὰ τὰ αὐτὰ δὴ καὶ ἡ ΒΣΗ εὐθεῖά ἐστιν, καὶ ἴση ἡ ΒΣ τῇ ΣΗ. καὶ ἐπεὶ ἡ ΓΑ τῇ ΔΒ ἴση ἐστὶ καὶ παράλληλος, ἀλλὰ ἡ ΓΑ καὶ τῇ ΕΗ ἴση τέ ἐστι καὶ παράλληλος, καὶ ἡ ΔΒ ἄρα τῇ ΕΗ ἴση τέ ἐστι καὶ παράλληλος.
For this reason, therefore, DYE is a straight line. For the same reason indeed, BSH is also a straight line, and BS is equal to SH. And, since GA is equal and parallel to DB, but GA is also equal and parallel to EH, therefore DB also is equal and parallel to EH.
καὶ ἐπιζευγνύουσιν αὐτὰς εὐθεῖαι αἱ ΔΕ, ΒΗ· παράλληλος ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΔΕ τῇ ΒΗ. ἴση ἄρα ἡ μὲν ὑπὸ ΕΔΤ γωνία τῇ ὑπὸ ΒΗΤ· ἐναλλὰξ γάρ· ἡ δὲ ὑπὸ ΔΤΥ τῇ ὑπὸ ΗΤΣ. δύο δὴ τρίγωνά ἐστι τὰ ΔΤΥ, ΗΤΣ τὰς δύο γωνίας ταῖς δυσὶ γωνίαις ἴσας ἔχοντα καὶ μίαν πλευρὰν μιᾷ πλευρᾷ ἴσην τὴν ὑποτείνουσαν ὑπὸ μίαν τῶν ἴσων γωνιῶν τὴν ΔΥ τῇ ΗΣ· ἡμίσειαι γάρ εἰσι τῶν ΔΕ, ΒΗ· καὶ τὰς λοιπὰς πλευρὰς ταῖς λοιπαῖς πλευραῖς ἴσας ἕξει.
And the straight lines DE, BH join them; therefore DE is parallel to BH. Therefore the angle EDT is equal to BHT, for they are alternate; and DTY to HTS. There are indeed two triangles DTY, HTS having two angles equal to two angles, and one side equal to one side, namely, that subtending one of the equal angles, DY to HS, for they are halves of DE, BH; therefore they will also have the remaining sides equal to the remaining sides.
ἴση ἄρα ἡ μὲν ΔΤ τῇ ΤΗ, ἡ δὲ ΥΤ τῇ ΤΣ.
ἐὰν ἄρα κύβου τῶν ἀπεναντίον ἐπιπέδων αἱ πλευραὶ δίχα τμηθῶσιν, διὰ δὲ τῶν τομῶν ἐπίπεδα ἐκβληθῇ, ἡ κοινὴ τομὴ τῶν ἐπιπέδων καὶ ἡ τοῦ κύβου διάμετρος δίχα τέμνουσιν ἀλλήλας·
Therefore DT is equal to TH, and YT to TS. Therefore, if the sides of the opposite planes of a cube be bisected, and through the points of section planes be carried, the common section of the planes and the diameter of the cube bisect each other.
ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Which it was required to prove.
§11.prop.39ἐὰν ᾖ δύο πρίσματα ἰσοϋψῆ, καὶ τὸ μὲν ἔχῃ βάσιν παραλληλόγραμμον, τὸ δὲ τρίγωνον, διπλάσιον δὲ ᾖ τὸ παραλληλόγραμμον τοῦ τριγώνου, ἴσα ἔσται τὰ πρίσματα.
If there be two prisms of equal height, and one have a parallelogram as base and the other a triangle, and the parallelogram be double of the triangle, the prisms will be equal.
ἔστω δύο πρίσματα ἰσοϋψῆ τὰ ΑΒΓΔΕΖ, ΗΘΚΛ ΜΝ, καὶ τὸ μὲν ἐχέτω βάσιν τὸ ΑΖ παραλληλόγραμμον, τὸ δὲ τὸ ΗΘΚ τρίγωνον, διπλάσιον δὲ ἔστω τὸ ΑΖ παραλληλόγραμμον τοῦ ΗΘΚ τριγώνου· λέγω, ὅτι ἴσον ἐστὶ τὸ ΑΒΓΔΕΖ πρίσμα τῷ ΗΘΚΛΜΝ πρίσματι.
Let there be two prisms of equal height, ABGDEZ, HQKL MN, and let one have the parallelogram AZ as base, and the other the triangle HQK, and let the parallelogram AZ be double of the triangle HQK; I say that the prism ABGDEZ is equal to the prism HQKLMN.
συμπεπληρώσθω γὰρ τὰ ΑΞ, ΗΟ στερεά.
For let the solids AX, HO be completed.
ἐπεὶ διπλάσιόν ἐστι τὸ ΑΖ παραλληλόγραμμον τοῦ ΗΘΚ τριγώνου, ἔστι δὲ καὶ τὸ ΘΚ παραλληλόγραμμον διπλάσιον τοῦ ΗΘΚ τριγώνου, ἴσον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ΑΖ παραλληλόγραμμον τῷ ΘΚ παραλληλογράμμῳ.
Since the parallelogram AZ is double of the triangle HQK, and the parallelogram QK is also double of the triangle HQK, therefore the parallelogram AZ is equal to the parallelogram QK.
τὰ δὲ ἐπὶ ἴσων βάσεων ὄντα στερεὰ παραλληλεπίπεδα καὶ ὑπὸ τὸ αὐτὸ ὕψος ἴσα ἀλλήλοις ἐστίν· ἴσον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ΑΞ στερεὸν τῷ ΗΟ στερεῷ.
But solid parallelepipeds on equal bases and of the same height are equal to one another; therefore the solid AX is equal to the solid HO.
καί ἐστι τοῦ μὲν ΑΞ στερεοῦ ἥμισυ τὸ ΑΒΓΔΕΖ πρίσμα, τοῦ δὲ ΗΟ στερεοῦ ἥμισυ τὸ ΗΘΚΛΜΝ πρίσμα· ἴσον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ΑΒΓΔΕΖ πρίσμα τῷ ΗΘΚΛΜΝ πρίσματι.
And the prism ABGDEZ is half of the solid AX, and the prism HQKLMN is half of the solid HO; therefore the prism ABGDEZ is equal to the prism HQKLMN.
ἐὰν ἄρα ᾖ δύο πρίσματα ἰσοϋψῆ, καὶ τὸ μὲν ἔχῃ βάσιν παραλληλόγραμμον, τὸ δὲ τρίγωνον, διπλάσιον δὲ ᾖ τὸ παραλληλόγραμμον τοῦ τριγώνου, ἴσα ἐστὶ τὰ πρίσματα·
Therefore, if there be two prisms of equal height, and one have a parallelogram as base and the other a triangle, and the parallelogram be double of the triangle, the prisms are equal.
ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Which it was required to prove.