§10.prop3.92ἐὰν χωρίον περιέχηται ὑπὸ ῥητῆς καὶ ἀποτομῆς δευτέρας, ἡ τὸ χωρίον δυναμένη μέσης ἀποτομή ἐστι πρώτη.
If an area be contained by a rational straight line and a second apotome, the straight line producing the area is a first apotome of a medial straight line.
χωρίον γὰρ τὸ ΑΒ περιεχέσθω ὑπὸ ῥητῆς τῆς ΑΓ καὶ ἀποτομῆς δευτέρας τῆς ΑΔ· λέγω, ὅτι ἡ τὸ ΑΒ χωρίον δυναμένη μέσης ἀποτομή ἐστι πρώτη.
For let the area AB be contained by the rational straight line AC and the second apotome AD; I say that the straight line producing the area AB is a first apotome of a medial straight line.
ἔστω γὰρ τῇ ΑΔ προσαρμόζουσα ἡ ΔΗ· αἱ ἄρα ΑΗ, ΗΔ ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι, καὶ ἡ προσαρμόζουσα ἡ ΔΗ σύμμετρός ἐστι τῇ ἐκκειμένῃ ῥητῇ τῇ ΑΓ, ἡ δὲ ὅλη ἡ ΑΗ τῆς προσαρμοζούσης τῆς ΗΔ μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ μήκει.
For let DH be the annex to AD; therefore AH, HD are rational straight lines commensurable in square only, and the annex DH is commensurable in length with the set-out rational straight line AC, but the whole AH is greater in square than the annex HD by the square on a straight line commensurable in length with itself.
ἐπεὶ οὖν ἡ ΑΗ τῆς ΗΔ μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ, ἐὰν ἄρα τῷ τετάρτῳ μέρει τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ΗΔ ἴσον παρὰ τὴν ΑΗ παραβληθῇ ἐλλεῖπον εἴδει τετραγώνῳ, εἰς σύμμετρα αὐτὴν διαιρεῖ.
Since, then, AH is greater in square than HD by the square on a straight line commensurable in length with itself, if therefore a rectangle equal to the fourth part of the square on HD be applied to AH, deficient by a square figure, it divides it into parts commensurable in length.
τετμήσθω οὖν ἡ ΔΗ δίχα κατὰ τὸ Ε· καὶ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΕΗ ἴσον παρὰ τὴν ΑΗ παραβεβλήσθω ἐλλεῖπον εἴδει τετραγώνῳ, καὶ ἔστω τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΖ, ΖΗ·
Let then DH be bisected at E; and let there be applied to AH a rectangle equal to the square on EH, deficient by a square figure, and let it be the rectangle contained by AZ, ZH; therefore AZ is commensurable in length with ZH.
σύμμετρος ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΑΖ τῇ ΖΗ μήκει. καὶ ἡ ΑΗ ἄρα ἑκατέρᾳ τῶν ΑΖ, ΖΗ σύμμετρός ἐστι μήκει.
Therefore AH is also commensurable in length with each of AZ, ZH.
ῥητὴ δὲ ἡ ΑΗ καὶ ἀσύμμετρος τῇ ΑΓ μήκει· καὶ ἑκατέρα ἄρα τῶν ΑΖ, ΖΗ ῥητή ἐστι καὶ ἀσύμμετρος τῇ ΑΓ μήκει· ἑκάτερον ἄρα τῶν ΑΙ, ΖΚ μέσον ἐστίν.
And AH is rational and incommensurable in length with AC; therefore each of AZ, ZH is also rational and incommensurable in length with AC; therefore each of the areas AI, ZK is medial.
πάλιν, ἐπεὶ σύμμετρός ἐστιν ἡ ΔΕ τῇ ΕΗ, καὶ ἡ ΔΗ ἄρα ἑκατέρᾳ τῶν ΔΕ, ΕΗ σύμμετρός ἐστιν.
Again, since DE is commensurable with EH, therefore DH is also commensurable with each of DE, EH.
ἀλλʼ ἡ ΔΗ σύμμετρός ἐστι τῇ ΑΓ μήκει. ἑκάτερον ἄρα τῶν ΔΘ, ΕΚ ῥητόν ἐστιν.
But DH is commensurable in length with AC; therefore each of the areas DG, EK is rational.
συνεστάτω οὖν τῷ μὲν ΑΙ ἴσον τετράγωνον τὸ ΛΜ, τῷ δὲ ΖΚ ἴσον ἀφῃρήσθω τὸ ΝΞ περὶ τὴν αὐτὴν γωνίαν ὂν τῷ ΛΜ τὴν ὑπὸ τῶν ΛΟΜ·
Let then the square LM be constructed equal to AI, and let the square NX, equal to ZK, be subtracted, having the angle LOM common with the square LM; therefore the squares LM, NX are about the same diagonal.
περὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἄρα ἐστὶ διάμετρον τὰ ΛΜ, ΝΞ τετράγωνα. ἔστω αὐτῶν διάμετρος ἡ ΟΡ, καὶ καταγεγράφθω τὸ σχῆμα.
Let OP be their diagonal, and let the figure be described.
ἐπεὶ οὖν τὰ ΑΙ, ΖΚ μέσα ἐστὶ καί ἐστιν ἴσα τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ΛΟ, ΟΝ, καὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΛΟ, ΟΝ μέσα ἐστίν·
Since, then, the areas AI, ZK are medial and are equal to the squares on LO, ON, therefore the squares on LO, ON are also medial.
καὶ αἱ ΛΟ, ΟΝ ἄρα μέσαι εἰσὶ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι.
Therefore LO, ON are also medial straight lines commensurable in square only.
καὶ ἐπεὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΖ, ΖΗ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΕΗ, ἔστιν ἄρα ὡς ἡ ΑΖ πρὸς τὴν ΕΗ, οὕτως ἡ ΕΗ πρὸς τὴν ΖΗ·
And since the rectangle contained by AZ, ZH is equal to the square on EH, therefore, as AZ is to EH, so is EH to ZH.
ἀλλʼ ὡς μὲν ἡ ΑΖ πρὸς τὴν ΕΗ, οὕτως τὸ ΑΙ πρὸς τὸ ΕΚ· ὡς δὲ ἡ ΕΗ πρὸς τὴν ΖΗ, οὕτως τὸ ΕΚ πρὸς τὸ ΖΚ· τῶν ἄρα ΑΙ, ΖΚ μέσον ἀνάλογόν ἐστι τὸ ΕΚ. ἔστι δὲ καὶ τῶν ΛΜ, ΝΞ τετραγώνων μέσον ἀνάλογον τὸ ΜΝ·
But as AZ is to EH, so is AI to EK, and as EH is to ZH, so is EK to ZK; therefore EK is a mean proportional between AI, ZK.
καί ἐστιν ἴσον τὸ μὲν ΑΙ τῷ ΛΜ, τὸ δὲ ΖΚ τῷ ΝΞ· καὶ τὸ ΜΝ ἄρα ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ΕΚ. ἀλλὰ τῷ μὲν ΕΚ ἴσον τὸ ΔΘ, τῷ δὲ ΜΝ ἴσον τὸ ΛΞ·
But MN is also a mean proportional between the squares LM, NX, and AI is equal to LM, and ZK to NX; therefore MN is also equal to EK. But EK is equal to DG, and MN to LX; therefore the whole DK is equal to the gnomon UFX and NX.
ὅλον ἄρα τὸ ΔΚ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ΥΦΧ γνώμονι καὶ τῷ ΝΞ. ἐπεὶ οὖν ὅλον τὸ ΑΚ ἴσον ἐστὶ τοῖς ΛΜ, ΝΞ, ὧν τὸ ΔΚ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ΥΦΧ γνώμονι καὶ τῷ ΝΞ, λοιπὸν ἄρα τὸ ΑΒ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ΤΣ. τὸ δὲ ΤΣ ἐστι τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΛΝ·
Since, then, the whole AK is equal to LM, NX, of which DK is equal to the gnomon UFX and NX, therefore the remainder AB is equal to TS.
τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΛΝ ἄρα ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ΑΒ χωρίῳ· ἡ ΛΝ ἄρα δύναται τὸ ΑΒ χωρίον.
But TS is the square on LN; therefore the square on LN is equal to the area AB; therefore LN produces the area AB.
λέγω, ὅτι ἡ ΛΝ μέσης ἀποτομή ἐστι πρώτη.
I say that LN is a first apotome of a medial straight line.
ἐπεὶ γὰρ ῥητόν ἐστι τὸ ΕΚ καί ἐστιν ἴσον τῷ ΛΞ, ῥητὸν ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ΛΞ, τουτέστι τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΛΟ, ΟΝ. μέσον δὲ ἐδείχθη τὸ ΝΞ·
For since EK is rational and is equal to LX, therefore LX is rational, that is, the rectangle contained by LO, ON.
ἀσύμμετρον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ΛΞ τῷ ΝΞ·
And NX was proved medial; therefore LX is incommensurable with NX.
ὡς δὲ τὸ ΛΞ πρὸς τὸ ΝΞ, οὕτως ἐστὶν ἡ ΛΟ πρὸς ΟΝ· αἱ ΛΟ, ΟΝ ἄρα ἀσύμμετροί εἰσι μήκει.
And as LX is to NX, so is LO to ON; therefore LO, ON are incommensurable in length.
αἱ ἄρα ΛΟ, ΟΝ μέσαι εἰσὶ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι ῥητὸν περιέχουσαι· ἡ ΛΝ ἄρα μέσης ἀποτομή ἐστι πρώτη·
Therefore LO, ON are medial straight lines commensurable in square only containing a rational rectangle; therefore LN is a first apotome of a medial straight line.
καὶ δύναται τὸ ΑΒ χωρίον.
And it produces the area AB.
ἡ ἄρα τὸ ΑΒ χωρίον δυναμένη μέσης ἀποτομή ἐστι πρώτη· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore the straight line producing the area AB is a first apotome of a medial straight line; which was to be proved.