§10.prop3.112τὸ ἀπὸ ῥητῆς παρὰ τὴν ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων παραβαλλόμενον πλάτος ποιεῖ ἀποτομήν, ἧς τὰ ὀνόματα σύμμετρά ἐστι τοῖς τῆς ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων ὀνόμασι καὶ ἔτι ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ, καὶ ἔτι ἡ γινομένη ἀποτομὴ τὴν αὐτὴν ἕξει τάξιν τῇ ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων.
The square on a rational straight line applied to a binomial straight line produces as breadth an apotome, whose terms are commensurable with the terms of the binomial straight line and further in the same ratio, and further the apotome so created will have the same order as the binomial straight line.
ἔστω ῥητὴ μὲν ἡ Α, ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων δὲ ἡ ΒΓ, ἧς μεῖζον ὄνομα ἔστω ἡ ΔΓ, καὶ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς Α ἴσον ἔστω τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΒΓ, ΕΖ· λέγω, ὅτι ἡ ΕΖ ἀποτομή ἐστιν, ἧς τὰ ὀνόματα σύμμετρά ἐστι τοῖς ΓΔ, ΔΒ, καὶ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ, καὶ ἔτι ἡ ΕΖ τὴν αὐτὴν ἕξει τάξιν τῇ ΒΓ.
ἔστω γὰρ πάλιν τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς Α ἴσον τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΒΔ, Η. ἐπεὶ οὖν τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΒΓ, ΕΖ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ὑπὸ τῶν ΒΔ, Η, ἔστιν ἄρα ὡς ἡ ΓΒ πρὸς τὴν ΒΔ, οὕτως ἡ Η πρὸς τὴν ΕΖ. μείζων δὲ ἡ ΓΒ τῆς ΒΔ· μείζων ἄρα ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ Η τῆς ΕΖ. ἔστω τῇ Η ἴση ἡ ΕΘ·
Let A be a rational straight line, and let BΓ be a binomial straight line, let ΔΓ be its greater term, and let the rectangle contained by BΓ, EZ be equal to the square on A; I say that EZ is an apotome whose terms are commensurable with ΓΔ, ΔB, and in the same ratio, and further EZ will have the same order as BΓ. For let the rectangle contained by BΔ, H be again equal to the square on A. Since then the rectangle contained by BΓ, EZ is equal to the rectangle contained by BΔ, H, therefore, as ΓB is to BΔ, so is H to EZ. But ΓB is greater than BΔ; therefore H is also greater than EZ.
ἔστιν ἄρα ὡς ἡ ΓΒ πρὸς τὴν ΒΔ, οὕτως ἡ ΘΕ πρὸς τὴν ΕΖ· διελόντι ἄρα ἐστὶν ὡς ἡ ΓΔ πρὸς τὴν ΒΔ, οὕτως ἡ ΘΖ πρὸς τὴν ΖΕ. γεγονέτω ὡς ἡ ΘΖ πρὸς τὴν ΖΕ, οὕτως ἡ ΖΚ πρὸς τὴν ΚΕ· καὶ ὅλη ἄρα ἡ ΘΚ πρὸς ὅλην τὴν ΚΖ ἐστιν, ὡς ἡ ΖΚ πρὸς ΚΕ· ὡς γὰρ ἓν τῶν ἡγουμένων πρὸς ἓν τῶν ἑπομένων, οὕτως ἅπαντα τὰ ἡγούμενα πρὸς ἅπαντα τὰ ἑπόμενα.
Let EΘ be equal to H; therefore, as ΓB is to BΔ, so is ΘE to EZ; therefore, by separation of ratio, as ΓΔ is to BΔ, so is ΘΖ to ΖΕ. Let it be contrived that, as ΘΖ is to ΖΕ, so is ΖΚ to ΚΕ; therefore also, as the whole ΘK is to the whole KΖ, so is ΖΚ to ΚΕ; for as one of the antecedents is to one of the consequents, so are all the antecedents to all the consequents.
ὡς δὲ ἡ ΖΚ πρὸς ΚΕ, οὕτως ἐστὶν ἡ ΓΔ πρὸς τὴν ΔΒ· καὶ ὡς ἄρα ἡ ΘΚ πρὸς ΚΖ, οὕτως ἡ ΓΔ πρὸς τὴν ΔΒ. σύμμετρον δὲ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΓΔ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΔΒ· σύμμετρον ἄρα ἐστὶ καὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΘΚ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΚΖ. καί ἐστιν ὡς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΘΚ πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΚΖ, οὕτως ἡ ΘΚ πρὸς τὴν ΚΕ, ἐπεὶ αἱ τρεῖς αἱ ΘΚ, ΚΖ, ΚΕ ἀνάλογόν εἰσιν.
But as ΖΚ is to ΚΕ, so is ΓΔ to ΔB; therefore also, as ΘK is to KZ, so is ΓΔ to ΔB. But the square on ΓΔ is commensurable with the square on ΔB; therefore the square on ΘK is also commensurable with the square on KZ. And, as the square on ΘK is to the square on KZ, so is ΘK to KE, since the three straight lines ΘK, KZ, KE are in proportion.
σύμμετρος ἄρα ἡ ΘΚ τῇ ΚΕ μήκει· ὥστε καὶ ἡ ΘΕ τῇ ΕΚ σύμμετρός ἐστι μήκει.
Therefore ΘK is commensurable in length with KE; so that ΘE is also commensurable in length with EK.
καὶ ἐπεὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς Α ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ὑπὸ τῶν ΕΘ, ΒΔ, ῥητὸν δέ ἐστι τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς Α, ῥητὸν ἄρα ἐστὶ καὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΕΘ, ΒΔ. καὶ παρὰ ῥητὴν τὴν ΒΔ παράκειται· ῥητὴ ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΕΘ καὶ σύμμετρος τῇ ΒΔ μήκει· ὥστε καὶ ἡ σύμμετρος αὐτῇ ἡ ΕΚ ῥητή ἐστι καὶ σύμμετρος τῇ ΒΔ μήκει.
And since the square on A is equal to the rectangle contained by EΘ, BΔ, and the square on A is rational, therefore the rectangle contained by EΘ, BΔ is also rational. And it is applied to the rational straight line BΔ; therefore EΘ is rational and commensurable in length with BΔ; so that EK, which is commensurable with it, is also rational and commensurable in length with BΔ.
ἐπεὶ οὖν ἐστιν ὡς ἡ ΓΔ πρὸς ΔΒ, οὕτως ἡ ΖΚ πρὸς ΚΕ, αἱ δὲ ΓΔ, ΔΒ δυνάμει μόνον εἰσὶ σύμμετροι, καὶ αἱ ΖΚ, ΚΕ δυνάμει μόνον εἰσὶ σύμμετροι.
Since then, as ΓΔ is to ΔB, so is ΖΚ to ΚΕ, and ΓΔ, ΔB are commensurable in square only, therefore ΖΚ, ΚΕ are also commensurable in square only.
ῥητὴ δέ ἐστιν ἡ ΚΕ· ῥητὴ ἄρα ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ ΖΚ. αἱ ΖΚ, ΚΕ ἄρα ῥηταὶ δυνάμει μόνον εἰσὶ σύμμετροι· ἀποτομὴ ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΕΖ.
ἤτοι δὲ ἡ ΓΔ τῆς ΔΒ μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ ἢ τῷ ἀπὸ ἀσυμμέτρου.
And KE is rational; therefore ΖΚ is also rational. Therefore ΖΚ, ΚΕ are rational straight lines commensurable in square only; therefore EZ is an apotome. And either ΓΔ is greater in square than ΔB by the square on a straight line commensurable with itself or by the square on a straight line incommensurable.
εἰ μὲν οὖν ἡ ΓΔ τῆς ΔΒ μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου, καὶ ἡ ΖΚ τῆς ΚΕ μεῖζον δυνήσεται τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ.
If then ΓΔ is greater in square than ΔB by the square on a straight line commensurable, ΖΚ will also be greater in square than ΚΕ by the square on a straight line commensurable with itself.
καὶ εἰ μὲν σύμμετρός ἐστιν ἡ ΓΔ τῇ ἐκκειμένῃ ῥητῇ μήκει, καὶ ἡ ΖΚ· εἰ δὲ ἡ ΒΔ, καὶ ἡ ΚΕ· εἰ δὲ οὐδετέρα τῶν ΓΔ, ΔΒ, καὶ οὐδετέρα τῶν ΖΚ, ΚΕ.
εἰ δὲ ἡ ΓΔ τῆς ΔΒ μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ ἀσυμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ, καὶ ἡ ΖΚ τῆς ΚΕ μεῖζον δυνήσεται τῷ ἀπὸ ἀσυμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ.
And if ΓΔ is commensurable in length with the rational straight line set out, so is ΖΚ; if BΔ, so is KE; and if neither of ΓΔ, ΔB is, neither of ΖΚ, ΚΕ is. But if ΓΔ is greater in square than ΔB by the square on a straight line incommensurable with itself, ΖΚ will also be greater in square than ΚΕ by the square on a straight line incommensurable with itself.
καὶ εἰ μὲν ἡ ΓΔ σύμμετρός ἐστι τῇ ἐκκειμένῃ ῥητῇ μήκει, καὶ ἡ ΖΚ· εἰ δὲ ἡ ΒΔ, καὶ ἡ ΚΕ· εἰ δὲ οὐδετέρα τῶν ΓΔ, ΔΒ, καὶ οὐδετέρα τῶν ΖΚ, ΚΕ· ὥστε ἀποτομή ἐστιν ἡ ΖΕ, ἧς τὰ ὀνόματα τὰ ΖΚ, ΚΕ σύμμετρά ἐστι τοῖς τῆς ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων ὀνόμασι τοῖς ΓΔ, ΔΒ καὶ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ, καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν τάξιν ἔχει τῇ ΒΓ· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
And if ΓΔ is commensurable in length with the rational straight line set out, so is ΖΚ; if BΔ, so is KE; and if neither of the two ΓΔ, ΔB is, neither of the two ΖΚ, ΚΕ is; so that ΖE is an apotome whose terms ΖΚ, ΚΕ are commensurable with the terms ΓΔ, ΔB of the binomial straight line, and in the same ratio, and it has the same order as BΓ; which was to be proved.