§10.prop2.75ἐὰν ἀπὸ μέσης μέση ἀφαιρεθῇ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετρος οὖσα τῇ ὅλη, μετὰ δὲ τῆς ὅλης μέσον περιέχουσα, ἡ λοιπὴ ἄλογός ἐστιν· καλείσθω δὲ μέσης ἀποτομὴ δευτέρα. ἀπὸ γὰρ μέσης τῆς ΑΒ μέση ἀφῃρήσθω ἡ ΓΒ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετρος οὖσα τῇ ὅλῃ τῇ ΑΒ, μετὰ δὲ τῆς ὅλης τῆς ΑΒ μέσον περιέχουσα τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ· λέγω, ὅτι ἡ λοιπὴ ἡ ΑΓ ἄλογός ἐστιν· καλείσθω δὲ μέσης ἀποτομὴ δευτέρα. Ἐκκείσθω γὰρ ῥητὴ ἡ ΔΙ, καὶ τοῖς μὲν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ ἴσον παρὰ τὴν ΔΙ παραβεβλήσθω τὸ ΔΕ πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΔΗ, τῷ δὲ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ ἴσον παρὰ τὴν ΔΙ παραβεβλήσθω τὸ ΔΘ πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΔΖ·
\nIf from a medial straight line there be subtracted a medial straight line which is commensurable in square only with the whole, and which contains with the whole a medial area, the remainder is irrational; and let it be called a second apotome of a medial.\nFor from the medial straight line AB let there be subtracted the medial straight line GB which is commensurable in square only with the whole AB, and which with the whole AB contains the medial area contained by AB, BC; I say that the remainder AC is irrational; and let it be called a second apotome of a medial.\nFor let there be set out the rational straight line DI, and to DI let there be applied the rectangle DE equal to the sum of the squares on AB, BC, producing DH as breadth, and to DI let there be applied the rectangle DΘ equal to twice the rectangle contained by AB, BC, producing DZ as breadth; therefore the remainder ZE is equal to the square on AC.
λοιπὸν ἄρα τὸ ΖΕ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΓ. καὶ ἐπεὶ μέσα καὶ σύμμετρά ἐστι τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ, μέσον ἄρα καὶ τὸ ΔΕ. καὶ παρὰ ῥητὴν τὴν ΔΙ παράκειται πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΔΗ·
And since the sum of the squares on AB, BC is medial and commensurable, the rectangle DE is also medial.
ῥητὴ ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΔΗ καὶ ἀσύμμετρος τῇ ΔΙ μήκει.
And it is applied to the rational straight line DI, producing DH as breadth; therefore DH is rational and incommensurable in length with DI.
πάλιν, ἐπεὶ μέσον ἐστὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ, καὶ τὸ δὶς ἄρα ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ μέσον ἐστίν.
Again, since the rectangle contained by AB, BC is medial, twice the rectangle contained by AB, BC is also medial.
καί ἐστιν ἴσον τῷ ΔΘ· καὶ τὸ ΔΘ ἄρα μέσον ἐστίν.
And it is equal to DΘ; therefore DΘ is also medial.
καὶ παρὰ ῥητὴν τὴν ΔΙ παραβέβληται πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΔΖ· ῥητὴ ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΔΖ καὶ ἀσύμμετρος τῇ ΔΙ μήκει.
And it is applied to the rational straight line DI, producing DZ as breadth; therefore DZ is rational and incommensurable in length with DI.
καὶ ἐπεὶ αἱ ΑΒ, ΒΓ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροί εἰσιν, ἀσύμμετρος ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΑΒ τῇ ΒΓ μήκει·
And since AB, BC are commensurable in square only, AB is incommensurable in length with BC; therefore the square on AB is also incommensurable with the rectangle contained by AB, BC.
ἀσύμμετρον ἄρα καὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ τετράγωνον τῷ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ. ἀλλὰ τῷ μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ σύμμετρά ἐστι τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ, τῷ δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ σύμμετρόν ἐστι τὸ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ·
But to the square on AB the sum of the squares on AB, BC is commensurable, and to the rectangle contained by AB, BC twice the rectangle contained by AB, BC is commensurable; therefore twice the rectangle contained by AB, BC is incommensurable with the sum of the squares on AB, BC.
ἀσύμμετρον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ. ἴσον δὲ τοῖς μὲν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ τὸ ΔΕ, τῷ δὲ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ τὸ ΔΘ· ἀσύμμετρον ἄρα τὸ ΔΕ τῷ ΔΘ. ὡς δὲ τὸ ΔΕ πρὸς τὸ ΔΘ, οὕτως ἡ ΗΔ πρὸς τὴν ΔΖ· ἀσύμμετρος ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΗΔ τῇ ΔΖ. καί εἰσιν ἀμφότεραι ῥηταί· αἱ ἄρα ΗΔ, ΔΖ ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι· ἡ ΖΗ ἄρα ἀποτομή ἐστιν.
But DE is equal to the sum of the squares on AB, BC, and DΘ to twice the rectangle contained by AB, BC; therefore DE is incommensurable with DΘ. But as DE is to DΘ, so is HD to DZ; therefore HD is incommensurable with DZ. And both are rational; therefore HD, DZ are rational straight lines commensurable in square only; therefore ZH is an apotome.
ῥητὴ δὲ ἡ ΔΙ· τὸ δὲ ὑπὸ ῥητῆς καὶ ἀλόγου περιεχόμενον ἄλογόν ἐστιν, καὶ ἡ δυναμένη αὐτὸ ἄλογός ἐστιν.
But DI is rational; and the rectangle contained by a rational and an irrational straight line is irrational, and the side of the square equal to it is irrational.
καὶ δύναται τὸ ΖΕ ἡ ΑΓ· ἡ ΑΓ ἄρα ἄλογός ἐστιν· καλείσθω δὲ μέσης ἀποτομὴ δευτέρα.
And AC is the side of the square equal to ZE; therefore AC is irrational; and let it be called a second apotome of a medial.
ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι. §10.prop2.76ἐὰν ἀπὸ εὐθείας εὐθεῖα ἀφαιρεθῇ δυνάμει ἀσύμμετρος οὖσα τῇ ὅλῃ, μετὰ δὲ τῆς ὅλης ποιοῦσα τὰ μὲν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ἅμα ῥητόν, τὸ δʼ ὑπʼ αὐτῶν μέσον, ἡ λοιπὴ ἄλογός ἐστιν· καλείσθω δὲ ἐλάσσων.
Which was to be proved.\n\nIf from a straight line there be subtracted a straight line which is incommensurable in square with the whole, and which with the whole makes the sum of the squares on them rational, but twice the rectangle contained by them medial, the remainder is irrational; and let it be called minor.
ἀπὸ γὰρ εὐθείας τῆς ΑΒ εὐθεῖα ἀφῃρήσθω ἡ ΒΓ δυνάμει ἀσύμμετρος οὖσα τῇ ὅλῃ ποιοῦσα τὰ προκείμενα. λέγω, ὅτι ἡ λοιπὴ ἡ ΑΓ ἄλογός ἐστιν ἡ καλουμένη ἐλάσσων. ἐπεὶ γὰρ τὸ μὲν συγκείμενον ἐκ τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ τετραγώνων ῥητόν ἐστιν, τὸ δὲ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ μέσον, ἀσύμμετρα ἄρα ἐστὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ τῷ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ· καὶ ἀναστρέψαντι λοιπῷ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΓ ἀσύμμετρά ἐστι τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ. ῥητὰ δὲ τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ. ἄλογον ἄρα τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΓ·
\nFor from the straight line AB let there be subtracted the straight line BC which is incommensurable in square with the whole, and which makes the proposed properties; I say that the remainder AC is the irrational straight line called minor.\nFor since the sum of the squares on AB, BC is rational, but twice the rectangle contained by AB, BC is medial, the sum of the squares on AB, BC is incommensurable with twice the rectangle contained by AB, BC; and by subtraction, the sum of the squares on AB, BC is also incommensurable with the remainder, the square on AC.
ἄλογος ἄρα ἡ ΑΓ· καλείσθω δὲ ἐλάσσων.
But the sum of the squares on AB, BC is rational; therefore the square on AC is irrational; \ntherefore AC is irrational; and let it be called minor.
ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Which was to be proved.