§10.prop2.67ἡ τῇ ἐκ δύο μέσων μήκει σύμμετρος καὶ αὐτὴ ἐκ δύο μέσων ἐστὶ καὶ τῇ τάξει ἡ αὐτή.
A straight line commensurable in length with a bimedial straight line is itself also bimedial and the same in order.
ἔστω ἐκ δύο μέσων ἡ ΑΒ, καὶ τῇ ΑΒ σύμμετρος ἔστω μήκει ἡ ΓΔ· λέγω, ὅτι ἡ ΓΔ ἐκ δύο μέσων ἐστὶ καὶ τῇ τάξει ἡ αὐτὴ τῇ ΑΒ.
ἐπεὶ γὰρ ἐκ δύο μέσων ἐστὶν ἡ ΑΒ, διῃρήσθω εἰς τὰς μέσας κατὰ τὸ Ε·
Let AB be a bimedial straight line, and let CD be commensurable in length with AB; I say that CD is bimedial and the same in order with AB.
αἱ ΑΕ, ΕΒ ἄρα μέσαι εἰσὶ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι.
For since AB is bimedial, let it be divided into its medial terms at E; therefore AE, EB are medial straight lines commensurable in square only.
καὶ γεγονέτω ὡς ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς ΓΔ, ἡ ΑΕ πρὸς ΓΖ· καὶ λοιπὴ ἄρα ἡ ΕΒ πρὸς λοιπὴν τὴν ΖΔ ἐστιν, ὡς ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς ΓΔ. σύμμετρος δὲ ἡ ΑΒ τῇ ΓΔ μήκει·
And let it be made: as AB is to CD, so AE to CZ; therefore the remainder EB is also to the remainder ZD as AB is to CD.
σύμμετρος ἄρα καὶ ἑκατέρα τῶν ΑΕ, ΕΒ ἑκατέρᾳ τῶν ΓΖ, ΖΔ. μέσαι δὲ αἱ ΑΕ, ΕΒ·
But AB is commensurable in length with CD; therefore each of AE, EB is also commensurable with each of CZ, ZD.
μέσαι ἄρα καὶ αἱ ΓΖ, ΖΔ. καὶ ἐπεί ἐστιν ὡς ἡ ΑΕ πρὸς ΕΒ, ἡ ΓΖ πρὸς ΖΔ, αἱ δὲ ΑΕ, ΕΒ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροί εἰσιν, καὶ αἱ ΓΖ, ΖΔ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροί εἰσιν.
And AE, EB are medial; therefore CZ, ZD are also medial. And since as AE is to EB, so is CZ to ZD, and AE, EB are commensurable in square only, therefore CZ, ZD are also commensurable in square only.
ἐδείχθησαν δὲ καὶ μέσαι· ἡ ΓΔ ἄρα ἐκ δύο μέσων ἐστίν.
And they were also proved to be medial; therefore CD is a bimedial straight line.
λέγω δή, ὅτι καὶ τῇ τάξει ἡ αὐτή ἐστι τῇ ΑΒ.
ἐπεὶ γάρ ἐστιν ὡς ἡ ΑΕ πρὸς ΕΒ, ἡ ΓΖ πρὸς ΖΔ, καὶ ὡς ἄρα τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΕ πρὸς τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΕΒ, οὕτως τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΓΖ πρὸς τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΓΖΔ· ἐναλλὰξ ὡς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΕ πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΓΖ, οὕτως τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΕΒ πρὸς τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΓΖΔ. σύμμετρον δὲ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΕ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΓΖ· σύμμετρον ἄρα καὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΕΒ τῷ ὑπὸ τῶν ΓΖΔ. εἴτε οὖν ῥητόν ἐστι τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΕΒ, καὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΓΖΔ ῥητόν ἐστιν. εἴτε μέσον, μέσον, καί ἐστιν ἑκατέρα δευτέρα.
I say next that it is also the same in order with AB. For since as AE is to EB, so is CZ to ZD, therefore also as the square on AE is to the rectangle contained by AE, EB, so is the square on CZ to the rectangle contained by CZ, ZD; alternately, as the square on AE is to the square on CZ, so is the rectangle contained by AE, EB to the rectangle contained by CZ, ZD. But the square on AE is commensurable with the square on CZ; therefore the rectangle contained by AE, EB is also commensurable with the rectangle contained by CZ, ZD. If therefore the rectangle contained by AE, EB is rational, the rectangle contained by CZ, ZD is also rational; and if medial, medial, and each is a second.
καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἔσται ἡ ΓΔ τῇ ΑΒ τῇ τάξει ἡ αὐτή· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
And for this reason CD will be the same in order with AB; which was to be proved.
§10.prop2.68ἡ τῇ μείζονι σύμμετρος καὶ αὐτὴ μείζων ἐστίν.
A straight line commensurable with a major straight line is itself also major.
ἔστω μείζων ἡ ΑΒ, καὶ τῇ ΑΒ σύμμετρος ἔστω ἡ ΓΔ· λέγω, ὅτι ἡ ΓΔ μείζων ἐστίν.
Let AB be a major straight line, and let CD be commensurable with AB; I say that CD is major.
διῃρήσθω ἡ ΑΒ κατὰ τὸ Ε· αἱ ΑΕ, ΕΒ ἄρα δυνάμει εἰσὶν ἀσύμμετροι ποιοῦσαι τὸ μὲν συγκείμενον ἐκ τῶν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τετραγώνων ῥητόν, τὸ δʼ ὑπʼ αὐτῶν μέσον·
Let AB be divided at E; therefore AE, EB are incommensurable in square, making the sum of the squares on them rational, and the rectangle contained by them medial.
καὶ γεγονέτω τὰ αὐτὰ τοῖς πρότερον.
And let the same construction be made as in what was proved before.
καὶ ἐπεί ἐστιν ὡς ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς τὴν ΓΔ, οὕτως ἥ τε ΑΕ πρὸς τὴν ΓΖ καὶ ἡ ΕΒ πρὸς τὴν ΖΔ, καὶ ὡς ἄρα ἡ ΑΕ πρὸς τὴν ΓΖ, οὕτως ἡ ΕΒ πρὸς τὴν ΖΔ. σύμμετρος δὲ ἡ ΑΒ τῇ ΓΔ. σύμμετρος ἄρα καὶ ἑκατέρα τῶν ΑΕ, ΕΒ ἑκατέρᾳ τῶν ΓΖ, ΖΔ. καὶ ἐπεί ἐστιν ὡς ἡ ΑΕ πρὸς τὴν ΓΖ, οὕτως ἡ ΕΒ πρὸς τὴν ΖΔ, καὶ ἐναλλὰξ ὡς ἡ ΑΕ πρὸς ΕΒ, οὕτως ἡ ΓΖ πρὸς ΖΔ, καὶ συνθέντι ἄρα ἐστὶν ὡς ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς τὴν ΒΕ, οὕτως ἡ ΓΔ πρὸς τὴν ΔΖ· καὶ ὡς ἄρα τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΒΕ, οὕτως τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΓΔ πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΔΖ. ὁμοίως δὴ δείξομεν, ὅτι καὶ ὡς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΕ, οὕτως τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΓΔ πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΓΖ. καὶ ὡς ἄρα τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ πρὸς τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΕ, ΕΒ, οὕτως τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΓΔ πρὸς τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΓΖ, ΖΔ· καὶ ἐναλλὰξ ἄρα ἐστὶν ὡς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΓΔ, οὕτως τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΕ, ΕΒ πρὸς τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΓΖ, ΖΔ. σύμμετρον δὲ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΓΔ· σύμμετρα ἄρα καὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΕ, ΕΒ τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ΓΖ, ΖΔ. καί ἐστι τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΕ, ΕΒ ἅμα ῥητόν, καὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΓΖ, ΖΔ ἅμα ῥητόν ἐστιν.
And since as AB is to CD, so is AE to CZ, and EB to ZD, therefore also as AE is to CZ, so is EB to ZD. But AB is commensurable with CD; therefore each of AE, EB is also commensurable with each of CZ, ZD. And since as AE is to CZ, so is EB to ZD, therefore alternately, as AE is to EB, so is CZ to ZD; therefore also, by addition, as AB is to BE, so is CD to DZ; therefore also as the square on AB is to the square on BE, so is the square on CD to the square on DZ. Similarly we will prove that also as the square on AB is to the square on AE, so is the square on CD to the square on CZ. Therefore also as the square on AB is to the sum of the squares on AE, EB, so is the square on CD to the sum of the squares on CZ, ZD; therefore alternately as the square on AB is to the square on CD, so is the sum of the squares on AE, EB to the sum of the squares on CZ, ZD. But the square on AB is commensurable with the square on CD; therefore the sum of the squares on AE, EB is also commensurable with the sum of the squares on CZ, ZD. And the sum of the squares on AE, EB is rational; therefore the sum of the squares on CZ, ZD is also rational.
ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τὸ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΕ, ΕΒ σύμμετρόν ἐστι τῷ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΓΖ, ΖΔ. καί ἐστι μέσον τὸ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΕ, ΕΒ·
Similarly also twice the rectangle contained by AE, EB is commensurable with twice the rectangle contained by CZ, ZD. And twice the rectangle contained by AE, EB is medial; therefore twice the rectangle contained by CZ, ZD is also medial.
μέσον ἄρα καὶ τὸ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΓΖ, ΖΔ. αἱ ΓΖ, ΖΔ ἄρα δυνάμει ἀσύμμετροί εἰσι ποιοῦσαι τὸ μὲν συγκείμενον ἐκ τῶν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τετραγώνων ἅμα ῥητόν, τὸ δὲ δὶς ὑπʼ αὐτῶν μέσον·
Therefore CZ, ZD are incommensurable in square, making the sum of the squares on them rational, and twice the rectangle contained by them medial.
ὅλη ἄρα ἡ ΓΔ ἄλογός ἐστιν ἡ καλουμένη μείζων.
Therefore the whole CD is the irrational straight line called major.
ἡ ἄρα τῇ μείζονι σύμμετρος μείζων ἐστίν· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore a straight line commensurable with a major straight line is major; which was to be proved.