§10.prop2.56ἐὰν χωρίον περιέχηται ὑπὸ ῥητῆς καὶ τῆς ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων τρίτης, ἡ τὸ χωρίον δυναμένη ἄλογός ἐστιν ἡ καλουμένη ἐκ δύο μέσων δευτέρα.
If an area be contained by a rational straight line and a third binomial, the side of the square equal to the area is the irrational straight line called second bimedial.
χωρίον γὰρ τὸ ΑΒΓΔ περιεχέσθω ὑπὸ ῥητῆς τῆς ΑΒ καὶ τῆς ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων τρίτης τῆς ΑΔ διῃρημένης εἰς τὰ ὀνόματα κατὰ τὸ Ε, ὧν μεῖζόν ἐστι τὸ ΑΕ· λέγω, ὅτι ἡ τὸ ΑΓ χωρίον δυναμένη ἄλογός ἐστιν ἡ καλουμένη ἐκ δύο μέσων δευτέρα.
For let the area ABCD be contained by the rational straight line AB and the third binomial AD divided into its terms at E, of which let AE be the greater; I say that the side of the square equal to the area AC is the irrational straight line called second bimedial.
Κατεσκευάσθω γὰρ τὰ αὐτὰ τοῖς πρότερον.
For let the same construction be made as before.
καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων ἐστὶ τρίτη ἡ ΑΔ, αἱ ΑΕ, ΕΔ ἄρα ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι, καὶ ἡ ΑΕ τῆς ΕΔ μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ, καὶ οὐδετέρα τῶν ΑΕ, ΕΔ σύμμετρός τῇ ΑΒ μήκει.
And since AD is a third binomial, therefore AE, ED are rational straight lines commensurable in square only, and AE is greater in square than ED by the square on a straight line commensurable in length with itself, and neither of AE, ED is commensurable in length with AB.
ὁμοίως δὴ τοῖς προδεδειγμένοις δείξομεν, ὅτι ἡ ΜΞ ἐστιν ἡ τὸ ΑΓ χωρίον δυναμένη, καὶ αἱ ΜΝ, ΝΞ μέσαι εἰσὶ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι· ὥστε ἡ ΜΞ ἐκ δύο μέσων ἐστίν.
Then, in like manner to what was proved before, we shall prove that MX is the side of the square equal to the area AC, and MN, NX are medial straight lines commensurable in square only; so that MX is a bimedial straight line.
δεικτέον δή, ὅτι καὶ δευτέρα.
We must then prove that it is also a second bimedial.
ἐπεὶ ἀσύμμετρός ἐστιν ἡ ΔΕ τῇ ΑΒ μήκει, τουτέστι τῇ ΕΚ, σύμμετρος δὲ ἡ ΔΕ τῇ ΕΖ, ἀσύμμετρος ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΕΖ τῇ ΕΚ μήκει.
Since DE is incommensurable in length with AB, that is, with EK, while DE is commensurable with EZ, therefore EZ is incommensurable in length with EK.
καί εἰσι ῥηταί· αἱ ΖΕ, ΕΚ ἄρα ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι.
And they are rational; therefore ZE, EK are rational straight lines commensurable in square only.
μέσον ἄρα τὸ ΕΛ, τουτέστι τὸ ΜΡ· καὶ περιέχεται ὑπὸ τῶν ΜΝΞ· μέσον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΜΝΞ.
ἡ ΜΞ ἄρα ἐκ δύο μέσων ἐστὶ δευτέρα· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore EL, that is, MP, is medial; and it is contained by MN, NX; therefore the rectangle contained by MN, NX is medial. Therefore MX is a second bimedial straight line; which was to be proved.
§10.prop2.57ἐὰν χωρίον περιέχηται ὑπὸ ῥητῆς καὶ τῆς ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων τετάρτης, ἡ τὸ χωρίον δυναμένη ἄλογός ἐστιν ἡ καλουμένη μείζων.
If an area be contained by a rational straight line and a fourth binomial, the side of the square equal to the area is the irrational straight line called major.
χωρίον γὰρ τὸ ΑΓ περιεχέσθω ὑπὸ ῥητῆς τῆς ΑΒ καὶ τῆς ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων τετάρτης τῆς ΑΔ διῃρημένης εἰς τὰ ὀνόματα κατὰ τὸ Ε, ὧν μεῖζον ἔστω τὸ ΑΕ· λέγω, ὅτι ἡ τὸ ΑΓ χωρίον δυναμένη ἄλογός ἐστιν ἡ καλουμένη μείζων.
For let the area AC be contained by the rational straight line AB and the fourth binomial AD divided into its terms at E, of which let AE be the greater; I say that the side of the square equal to the area AC is the irrational straight line called major.
ἐπεὶ γὰρ ἡ ΑΔ ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων ἐστὶ τετάρτη, αἱ ΑΕ, ΕΔ ἄρα ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι, καὶ ἡ ΑΕ τῆς ΕΔ μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ ἀσυμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ, καὶ ἡ ΑΕ τῇ ΑΒ σύμμετρός μήκει.
For since AD is a fourth binomial, therefore AE, ED are rational straight lines commensurable in square only, and AE is greater in square than ED by the square on a straight line incommensurable in length with itself, and AE is commensurable in length with AB.
τετμήσθω ἡ ΔΕ δίχα κατὰ τὸ Ζ, καὶ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΕΖ ἴσον παρὰ τὴν ΑΕ παραβεβλήσθω παραλληλόγραμμον τὸ ὑπὸ ΑΗ, ΗΕ· ἀσύμμετρος ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΑΗ τῇ ΗΕ μήκει.
Let DE be bisected at Z, and let there be applied to AE a rectangle equal to the square on EZ, namely that contained by AH, HE; therefore AH is incommensurable in length with HE.
ἤχθωσαν παράλληλοι τῇ ΑΒ αἱ ΗΘ, ΕΚ, ΖΛ, καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τὰ αὐτὰ τοῖς πρὸ τούτου γεγονέτω·
Let HT, EK, ZL be drawn parallel to AB, and let the rest be done in the same manner as before.
φανερὸν δή, ὅτι ἡ τὸ ΑΓ χωρίον δυναμένη ἐστὶν ἡ ΜΞ. δεικτέον δή, ὅτι ἡ ΜΞ ἄλογός ἐστιν ἡ καλουμένη μείζων.
It is then manifest that the side of the square equal to the area AC is MX. We must then prove that MX is the irrational straight line called major.
ἐπεὶ ἀσύμμετρός ἐστιν ἡ ΑΗ τῇ ΕΗ μήκει, ἀσύμμετρόν ἐστι καὶ τὸ ΑΘ τῷ ΗΚ, τουτέστι τὸ ΣΝ τῷ ΝΠ· αἱ ΜΝ, ΝΞ ἄρα δυνάμει εἰσὶν ἀσύμμετροι.
Since AH is incommensurable in length with EH, AT is also incommensurable with HK, that is, SN with NP; therefore MN, NX are incommensurable in square.
καὶ ἐπεὶ σύμμετρός ἐστιν ἡ ΑΕ τῇ ΑΒ μήκει, ῥητόν ἐστι τὸ ΑΚ·
And since AE is commensurable in length with AB, AK is rational.
καί ἐστιν ἴσον τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ΜΝ, ΝΞ· ῥητὸν ἄρα καὶ τὸ συγκείμενον ἐκ τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΜΝ, ΝΞ. καὶ ἐπεὶ ἀσύμμετρός ἡ ΔΕ τῇ ΑΒ μήκει, τουτέστι τῇ ΕΚ, ἀλλὰ ἡ ΔΕ σύμμετρός ἐστι τῇ ΕΖ, ἀσύμμετρος ἄρα ἡ ΕΖ τῇ ΕΚ μήκει.
And it is equal to the sum of the squares on MN, NX; therefore the sum of the squares on MN, NX is also rational. And since DE is incommensurable in length with AB, that is, with EK, while DE is commensurable with EZ, therefore EZ is incommensurable in length with EK.
αἱ ΕΚ, ΕΖ ἄρα ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι·
Therefore EK, EZ are rational straight lines commensurable in square only.
μέσον ἄρα τὸ ΛΕ, τουτέστι τὸ ΜΡ. καὶ περιέχεται ὑπὸ τῶν ΜΝ, ΝΞ· μέσον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΜΝ, ΝΞ. καὶ ῥητὸν τὸ ἐκ τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΜΝ, ΝΞ, καί εἰσιν ἀσύμμετροι αἱ ΜΝ, ΝΞ δυνάμει.
Therefore LE, that is, MP, is medial. And it is contained by MN, NX; therefore the rectangle contained by MN, NX is medial. And the sum of the squares on MN, NX is rational, and MN, NX are incommensurable in square.
ἐὰν δὲ δύο εὐθεῖαι δυνάμει ἀσύμμετροι συντεθῶσι ποιοῦσαι τὸ μὲν συγκείμενον ἐκ τῶν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τετραγώνων ῥητόν, τὸ δʼ ὑπʼ αὐτῶν μέσον, ἡ ὅλη ἄλογός ἐστιν, καλεῖται δὲ μείζων.
But if two straight lines incommensurable in square be added together making the sum of the squares on them rational, but the rectangle contained by them medial, the whole is irrational, and is called major.
ἡ ΜΞ ἄρα ἄλογός ἐστιν ἡ καλουμένη μείζων, καὶ δύναται τὸ ΑΓ χωρίον· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore MX is the irrational straight line called major, and is the side of the square equal to the area AC; which was to be proved.