§10.prop1.33εὑρεῖν δύο εὐθείας δυνάμει ἀσυμμέτρους ποιούσας τὸ μὲν συγκείμενον ἐκ τῶν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τετραγώνων ῥητόν, τὸ δʼ ὑπʼ αὐτῶν μέσον.
To find two straight lines incommensurable in square making the sum of the squares on them rational, but the rectangle contained by them medial.
Ἐκκείσθωσαν δύο ῥηταὶ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι αἱ ΑΒ, ΒΓ, ὥστε τὴν μείζονα τὴν ΑΒ τῆς ἐλάσσονος τῆς ΒΓ μεῖζον δύνασθαι τῷ ἀπὸ ἀσυμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ, καὶ τετμήσθω ἡ ΒΓ δίχα κατὰ τὸ Δ, καὶ τῷ ἀφʼ ὁποτέρας τῶν ΒΔ, ΔΓ ἴσον παρὰ τὴν ΑΒ παραβεβλήσθω παραλληλόγραμμον ἐλλεῖπον εἴδει τετραγώνῳ, καὶ ἔστω τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΕΒ, καὶ γεγράφθω ἐπὶ τῆς ΑΒ ἡμικύκλιον τὸ ΑΖΒ, καὶ ἤχθω τῇ ΑΒ πρὸς ὀρθὰς ἡ ΕΖ, καὶ ἐπεζεύχθωσαν αἱ ΑΖ, ΖΒ.
καὶ ἐπεὶ εὐθεῖαι ἄνισοί εἰσιν αἱ ΑΒ, ΒΓ, καὶ ἡ ΑΒ τῆς ΒΓ μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ ἀσυμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ, τῷ δὲ τετάρτῳ τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ΒΓ, τουτέστι τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμισείας αὐτῆς, ἴσον παρὰ τὴν ΑΒ παραβέβληται παραλληλόγραμμον ἐλλεῖπον εἴδει τετραγώνῳ καὶ ποιεῖ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΕΒ, ἀσύμμετρος ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΑΕ τῇ ΕΒ. καί ἐστιν ὡς ἡ ΑΕ πρὸς ΕΒ, οὕτως τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΒΑ, ΑΕ πρὸς τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΕ, ἴσον δὲ τὸ μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν ΒΑ, ΑΕ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΖ, τὸ δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΕ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΒΖ· ἀσύμμετρον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΖ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΖΒ· αἱ ΑΖ, ΖΒ ἄρα δυνάμει εἰσὶν ἀσύμμετροι.
Let two rational straight lines commensurable in square only AB, BC be set out, so that the square on the greater AB is greater than the square on the less BC by the square on a straight line incommensurable with AB. And let BC be bisected at D. And let there be applied to AB a parallelogram equal to the square on either of BD, DC, deficient by a square figure, and let it be the rectangle contained by AE, EB. And let the semicircle AZB be described on AB, and let EZ be drawn at right angles to AB, and let AZ, ZB be joined. And since AB, BC are unequal straight lines, and the square on AB is greater than the square on BC by the square on a straight line incommensurable with AB, and there has been applied to AB a parallelogram equal to the fourth part of the square on BC, that is, to the square on its half, deficient by a square figure, and it makes the rectangle contained by AE, EB, therefore AE is incommensurable in length with EB. And, as AE is to EB, so is the rectangle contained by BA, AE to the rectangle contained by AB, BE, and the rectangle contained by BA, AE is equal to the square on AZ, and the rectangle contained by AB, BE to the square on BZ; therefore the square on AZ is incommensurable with the square on ZB; therefore AZ, ZB are incommensurable in square.
καὶ ἐπεὶ ἡ ΑΒ ῥητή ἐστιν, ῥητὸν ἄρα ἐστὶ καὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ· ὥστε καὶ τὸ συγκείμενον ἐκ τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΖ, ΖΒ ῥητόν ἐστιν.
And since AB is rational, therefore the square on AB is also rational; so that the sum of the squares on AZ, ZB is also rational.
καὶ ἐπεὶ πάλιν τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΕ, ΕΒ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΕΖ, ὑπόκειται δὲ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΕ, ΕΒ καὶ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΒΔ ἴσον, ἴση ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΖΕ τῇ ΒΔ· διπλῆ ἄρα ἡ ΒΓ τῆς ΖΕ· ὥστε καὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ σύμμετρόν ἐστι τῷ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΕΖ. μέσον δὲ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ·
And since, again, the rectangle contained by AE, EB is equal to the square on EZ, and the rectangle contained by AE, EB is also by hypothesis equal to the square on BD, therefore ZE is equal to BD; therefore BC is double of ZE; so that the rectangle contained by AB, BC is also commensurable with the rectangle contained by AB, EZ.
μέσον ἄρα καὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΕΖ. ἴσον δὲ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΕΖ τῷ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΖ, ΖΒ· μέσον ἄρα καὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΖ, ΖΒ. ἐδείχθη δὲ καὶ ῥητὸν τὸ συγκείμενον ἐκ τῶν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τετραγώνων.
But the rectangle contained by AB, BC is medial; therefore the rectangle contained by AB, EZ is also medial. But the rectangle contained by AB, EZ is equal to the rectangle contained by AZ, ZB; therefore the rectangle contained by AZ, ZB is also medial. And the sum of the squares on them was also proved to be rational.
Εὕρηνται ἄρα δύο εὐθεῖαι δυνάμει ἀσύμμετροι αἱ ΑΖ, ΖΒ ποιοῦσαι τὸ μὲν συγκείμενον ἐκ τῶν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τετραγώνων ῥητόν, τὸ δὲ ὑπʼ αὐτῶν μέσον· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore two straight lines AZ, ZB incommensurable in square have been found making the sum of the squares on them rational, but the rectangle contained by them medial; which was to be proved.
§10.prop1.34εὑρεῖν δύο εὐθείας δυνάμει ἀσυμμέτρους ποιούσας τὸ μὲν συγκείμενον ἐκ τῶν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τετραγώνων μέσον, τὸ δʼ ὑπʼ αὐτῶν ῥητόν.
To find two straight lines incommensurable in square making the sum of the squares on them medial, but the rectangle contained by them rational.
Ἐκκείσθωσαν δύο μέσαι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι αἱ ΑΒ, ΒΓ ῥητὸν περιέχουσαι τὸ ὑπʼ αὐτῶν, ὥστε τὴν ΑΒ τῆς ΒΓ μεῖζον δύνασθαι τῷ ἀπὸ ἀσυμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ, καὶ γεγράφθω ἐπὶ τῆς ΑΒ τὸ ΑΔΒ ἡμικύκλιον, καὶ τετμήσθω ἡ ΒΓ δίχα κατὰ τὸ Ε, καὶ παραβεβλήσθω παρὰ τὴν ΑΒ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΒΕ ἴσον παραλληλόγραμμον ἐλλεῖπον εἴδει τετραγώνῳ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΖΒ· ἀσύμμετρος ἄρα ἡ ΑΖ τῇ ΖΒ μήκει.
Let two medial straight lines commensurable in square only AB, BC containing a rational area be set out, so that the square on AB is greater than the square on BC by the square on a straight line incommensurable with AB. And let the semicircle ADB be described on AB, and let BC be bisected at E.
καὶ ἤχθω ἀπὸ τοῦ Ζ τῇ ΑΒ πρὸς ὀρθὰς ἡ ΖΔ, καὶ ἐπεζεύχθωσαν αἱ ΑΔ, ΔΒ.
ἐπεὶ ἀσύμμετρός ἐστιν ἡ ΑΖ τῇ ΖΒ, ἀσύμμετρον ἄρα ἐστὶ καὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΒΑ, ΑΖ τῷ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΖ. ἴσον δὲ τὸ μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν ΒΑ, ΑΖ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΔ, τὸ δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΖ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΔΒ· ἀσύμμετρον ἄρα ἐστὶ καὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΔ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΔΒ. καὶ ἐπεὶ μέσον ἐστὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ, μέσον ἄρα καὶ τὸ συγκείμενον ἐκ τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ. καὶ ἐπεὶ διπλῆ ἐστιν ἡ ΒΓ τῆς ΔΖ, διπλάσιον ἄρα καὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ τοῦ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΖΔ. ῥητὸν δὲ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ· ῥητὸν ἄρα καὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΖΔ. τὸ δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΖΔ ἴσον τῷ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ· ὥστε καὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ ῥητόν ἐστιν.
And let there be applied to AB a parallelogram equal to the square on BE, deficient by a square figure, the rectangle contained by AZ, ZB; therefore AZ is incommensurable in length with ZB. And let ZD be drawn from Z at right angles to AB, and let AD, DB be joined. Since AZ is incommensurable with ZB, therefore the rectangle contained by BA, AZ is also incommensurable with the rectangle contained by AB, BZ. But the rectangle contained by BA, AZ is equal to the square on AD, and the rectangle contained by AB, BZ is equal to the square on DB; therefore the square on AD is also incommensurable with the square on DB. And since the square on AB is medial, therefore the sum of the squares on AD, DB is also medial. And since BC is double of DZ, therefore the rectangle contained by AB, BC is also double of the rectangle contained by AB, ZD. But the rectangle contained by AB, BC is rational; therefore the rectangle contained by AB, ZD is also rational. And the rectangle contained by AB, ZD is equal to the rectangle contained by AD, DB; so that the rectangle contained by AD, DB is also rational.
Εὕρηνται ἄρα δύο εὐθεῖαι δυνάμει ἀσύμμετροι αἱ ΑΔ, ΔΒ ποιοῦσαι τὸ συγκείμενον ἐκ τῶν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τετραγώνων μέσον, τὸ δʼ ὑπʼ αὐτῶν ῥητόν· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore two straight lines AD, DB incommensurable in square have been found making the sum of the squares on them medial, but the rectangle contained by them rational; which was to be proved.