§10.prop1.30εὑρεῖν δύο ῥητὰς δυνάμει μόνον συμμέτρους, ὥστε τὴν μείζονα τῆς ἐλάσσονος μεῖζον δύνασθαι τῷ ἀπὸ ἀσυμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ μήκει.
To find two rational straight lines commensurable in square only, so that the square on the greater is greater than the square on the less by the square on a straight line incommensurable in length with the greater.
Ἐκκείσθω ῥητὴ ἡ ΑΒ καὶ δύο τετράγωνοι ἀριθμοὶ οἱ ΓΕ, ΕΔ, ὥστε τὸν συγκείμενον ἐξ αὐτῶν τὸν ΓΔ μὴ εἶναι τετράγωνον, καὶ γεγράφθω ἐπὶ τῆς ΑΒ ἡμικύκλιον τὸ ΑΖΒ, καὶ πεποιήσθω ὡς ὁ ΔΓ πρὸς τὸν ΓΕ, οὕτως τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΒΑ πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΖ, καὶ ἐπεζεύχθω ἡ ΖΒ.
ὁμοίως δὴ δείξομεν τῷ πρὸ τούτου, ὅτι αἱ ΒΑ, ΑΖ ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι.
For let a rational straight line AB be set out, and two square numbers GE, ED, so that their sum GD is not square, and let the semicircle AZB be described on AB, and let it be made that, as DG is to GE, so is the square on BA to the square on AZ, and let ZB be joined. Indeed, we shall show similarly to the proposition before this that BA, AZ are rational straight lines commensurable in square only.
καὶ ἐπεί ἐστιν ὡς ὁ ΔΓ πρὸς τὸν ΓΕ, οὕτως τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΒΑ πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΖ, ἀναστρέψαντι ἄρα ὡς ὁ ΓΔ πρὸς τὸν ΔΕ, οὕτως τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΒΖ. ὁ δὲ ΓΔ πρὸς τὸν ΔΕ λόγον οὐκ ἔχει, ὃν τετράγωνος ἀριθμὸς πρὸς τετράγωνον ἀριθμόν·
And since, as DG is to GE, so is the square on BA to the square on AZ, therefore, by conversion, as GD is to DE, so is the square on AB to the square on BZ.
οὐδʼ ἄρα τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΒΖ λόγον ἔχει, ὃν τετράγωνος ἀριθμὸς πρὸς τετράγωνον ἀριθμόν· ἀσύμμετρος ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΑΒ τῇ ΒΖ μήκει.
But GD has to DE a ratio which a square number does not have to a square number; therefore neither does the square on AB have to the square on BZ the ratio which a square number has to a square number; therefore AB is incommensurable in length with BZ.
καὶ δύναται ἡ ΑΒ τῆς ΑΖ μεῖζον τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΖΒ ἀσυμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ.
And the square on AB is greater than the square on AZ by the square on ZB which is incommensurable with AB.
αἱ ΑΒ, ΑΖ ἄρα ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι, καὶ ἡ ΑΒ τῆς ΑΖ μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΖΒ ἀσυμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ μήκει· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore AB, AZ are rational straight lines commensurable in square only, and the square on AB is greater than the square on AZ by the square on ZB which is incommensurable in length with AB; which was to be proved.
§10.prop1.31εὑρεῖν δύο μέσας δυνάμει μόνον συμμέτρους ῥητὸν περιεχούσας, ὥστε τὴν μείζονα τῆς ἐλάσσονος μεῖζον δύνασθαι τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ μήκει.
To find two medial straight lines commensurable in square only containing a rational area, so that the square on the greater is greater than the square on the less by the square on a straight line commensurable in length with the greater.
Ἐκκείσθωσαν δύο ῥηταὶ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι αἱ α, Β, ὥστε τὴν Α μείζονα οὖσαν τῆς ἐλάσσονος τῆς Β μεῖζον δύνασθαι τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ μήκει.
Let two rational straight lines a, B commensurable in square only be set out, so that the greater A is greater than the less B by the square on a straight line commensurable in length with A.
καὶ τῷ ὑπὸ τῶν Α, Β ἴσον ἔστω τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς Γ. μέσον δὲ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν Α, Β· μέσον ἄρα καὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς Γ·
And let the square on C be equal to the rectangle contained by A, B. But the rectangle contained by A, B is medial; therefore the square on C is also medial; therefore C is also medial.
μέση ἄρα καὶ ἡ Γ. τῷ δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς Β ἴσον ἔστω τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν Γ, Δ. ῥητὸν δὲ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς Β· ῥητὸν ἄρα καὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν Γ, Δ. καὶ ἐπεί ἐστιν ὡς ἡ Α πρὸς τὴν Β, οὕτως τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν Α, Β πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς Β, ἀλλὰ τῷ μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν Α, Β ἴσον ἐστὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς Γ, τῷ δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς Β ἴσον τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν Γ, δ, ὡς ἄρα ἡ Α πρὸς τὴν Β, οὕτως τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς Γ πρὸς τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν Γ, Δ. ὡς δὲ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς Γ πρὸς τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν Γ, Δ, οὕτως ἡ Γ πρὸς τὴν Δ· καὶ ὡς ἄρα ἡ Α πρὸς τὴν Β, οὕτως ἡ Γ πρὸς τὴν Δ. σύμμετρος δὲ ἡ Α τῇ Β δυνάμει μόνον·
And let the rectangle contained by C, D be equal to the square on B. And the square on B is rational; therefore the rectangle contained by C, D is also rational. And since, as A is to B, so is the rectangle contained by A, B to the square on B, but the square on C is equal to the rectangle contained by A, B, and the rectangle contained by C, D is equal to the square on B, therefore, as A is to B, so is the square on C to the rectangle contained by C, D. But, as the square on C is to the rectangle contained by C, D, so is C to D; therefore also, as A is to B, so is C to D.
σύμμετρος ἄρα καὶ ἡ Γ τῇ Δ δυνάμει μόνον.
But A is commensurable in square only with B; therefore C is also commensurable in square only with D.
καί ἐστι μέση ἡ Γ· μέση ἄρα καὶ ἡ Δ. καὶ ἐπεί ἐστιν ὡς ἡ Α πρὸς τὴν Β, ἡ Γ πρὸς τὴν Δ, ἡ δὲ Α τῆς Β μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ, καὶ ἡ Γ ἄρα τῆς Δ μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ.
And C is medial; therefore D is also medial. And since, as A is to B, so is C to D, and A is greater than B by the square on a straight line commensurable with A, therefore C is also greater than D by the square on a straight line commensurable with C.
Εὕρηνται ἄρα δύο μέσαι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι αἱ Γ, Δ ῥητὸν περιέχουσαι, καὶ ἡ Γ τῆς Δ μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ μήκει.
Therefore two medial straight lines C, D commensurable in square only containing a rational area have been found, and the square on C is greater than the square on D by the square on a straight line commensurable in length with C.
ὁμοίως δὴ δειχθήσεται καὶ τῷ ἀπὸ ἀσυμμέτρου, ὅταν ἡ Α τῆς Β μεῖζον δύνηται τῷ ἀπὸ ἀσυμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ.
And similarly it will also be shown for the square on an incommensurable straight line, when A is greater than B by the square on a straight line incommensurable with A.